The contrast determination apparatus includes illuminating light sources (12) and an image sensor (26) i.e. a 2-D CCD for capturing a two-dimensional image of e.g. a marked wire (32) on a holder (34), the captured image being sampled over the mark and the background. The sensor includes an optical system (28,30) selected with regard to the character size of the marks so that the field of view of the sensor is sufficient to contain a complete character as well as a generous amount of background. ...

Efficient digital compression of 3D/stereoscopic video is achieved by a novel technique in which various views forming 3D/stereoscopic video are coded by utilizing the redundancies among the views. Coding is performed in a manner compatible with existing equipment to allowing decoding of one layer of video for display on normal (i.e., monoscopic) displays. The motion compensated discrete cosine transform ("DCT") coding framework of existing standards such as the Motion Pictures Expert Group-Phas...

A method and apparatus for performing vector quantization in a video coder. The method includes obtaining a video frame and segmenting it into coding blocks of predetermined size. A predetermined number of the coding blocks is transferred to a first cache memory. A predetermined portion of a codebook is transferred into a first section of a second cache memory which is capable of being rotated or having addresses associated with bytes in the second cache memory interchanged or offset by a specif...

A computer based video/graphics display system includes a computer system having a graphics generator. A video signal from a video source is fed through an input stage to an asynchronous converter. The converter synchronizes the video signal to the graphics generator. The output from the asynchronous converter and the output from the graphics generator are fed to a fading/mixing matrix. The combined signal output from the fading/mixing matrix is fed to a computer display monitor. The display mon...

A color image encoder comprises a block converter for dividing a digital color video signal, which is composed of a Y signal and R-Y and B-Y signals, into blocks for the respective signals; an orthogonal transformer for orthogonally transforming the digital image video signal divided into the blocks, for each block, to produce orthogonal transform coefficients; a quantizer for quantizing the orthogonal transform coefficients; a variable length encoder for coding the quantized orthogonal transfor...

An apparatus for decoding an encoded digital image signal having a data signal and an information signal, wherein the data signal includes a plurality of blocks of quantized transformed coefficients, each of the blocks including a DC coefficient and a predetermined number of AC coefficients, and said information signal includes each QS for each of the blocks, includes: an inverse quantizer for performing an inverse quantization on a subjective block with its corresponding QS to produce an invers...

A video decompression system includes block error concealment means for generating substitute data for lost blocks of pixel data. An interpolator generates both spatially and temporally interpolated or predicted blocks of data for concealing a lost block. Pixel data in the respective blocks of spatially and interpolated data are transformed to coefficients representing frequency spectra. A substitute block of coefficients is assembled from coefficients from both the transformed blocks, according...

An interactive television system has a set-top box adapted for use with a television and a remote control handset. The set-top box is connected to receive a television broadcast that is filmed using multiple cameras situated at various camera viewpoints. The television broadcast has a primary channel, with which the viewer is familiar as carrying the desired television program, and multiple virtual channels associated with the primary channel. The virtual channels carry video signals from the mu...

Efficient digital compression of 3D/stereoscopic video is achieved by a novel technique in which various views forming 3D/stereoscopic video are coded by utilizing the redundancies among the views. Coding is performed in a manner compatible with existing equipment to allowing decoding of one layer of video for display on normal (i.e., monoscopic) displays. The motion compensated discrete cosine transform ("DCT") coding framework of existing standards such as the Motion Pictures Expert Group-Phas...

An apparatus used in a motion-compensated video signal encoder for determining a predicted current frame based on a current frame and a previous frame of a digital video signal using a predetermined number of search grids, each search grid being a set of search blocks formed in the current frame, comprising: a motion estimator for detecting a set of motion vectors for each of the search grids, each of the motion vectors being determined by calculating an error between each of the search blocks a...