One aspect of the present invention is a system for estimating sensor and illumination non-uniformities. The system comprises a first light source, and a first sensor operable to capture light reflected from a first side of film illuminated by the light source while the film has a developer chemical applied thereto and processing circuitry coupled to the first sensor. The processing circuitry is operable to capture a first plurality of readings from the sensor responsive to light reflected from ...

A mapping-measurement apparatus includes a light illumination unit, a photodetector for detecting, through an aperture, reflection light or transmission light from a sample, and adjustable scanning mirrors on the illumination and detection sides of the sample, each mirror having two independent rotational axes about which they can be independently rotated by a controller. The aperture restricts light incident on the photodetector from a predetermined portion of the sample surface.

A densitometer comprises a first carrier supporter for supporting a carrier formed of a cellulose acetate film for carrying a blood serum specimen after an electrophoresis process is completed and a second carrier supporter for supporting a carrier for a blood serum which is formed of a gel or the like and reinforced with a transparent plate. The first and second carrier supporters are disposed between a light projector and a light receiver in such a manner that the density measurement of fracti...

An improved apparatus for checking the inside of a pipe or the like is proposed. Two reflex mirrors are provided, one for reflecting the light from a source of light and the other for reflecting the light from the object being checked. Because respective mirrors are provided for the source of light and for the light from the object, the inside of the object can be checked clearly.

A photometric apparatus includes a light source, apparatus for oscillating a light beam spot across a sample, apparatus for measuring secondary light from the sample, and apparatus for determining the specific portion of the sample to be examined by photometry. With this photometric apparatus, each of a plurality of microscopic areas of the sample can be evaluated accurately.

In a method for calibrating or checking a densitometer section of a cataphoretic apparatus use is made of a calibration film comprising a transparent and flexible sheet and a pattern applied on the sheet and having a known density and the calibration film is fed into the densitomater with the aid of a mechanism for feeding usual sample bearing films. After the calibration for the densitometer has been completed using the introduced calibration film the film is discharged out of the densitometer ...

A device for use in a medical diagnostic apparatus includes an area for containing a sample of biological fluid as it undergoes a reaction that causes a detectable change in the sample's optical properties. The reaction area is sandwiched between a transparent front layer and a Fresnel reflector layer. The area is illuminated through the front layer, and the light is reflected from the reflector layer to a detector. The detector monitors the light incident on it and calculates, from the change d...

To measure the opacity of sheet material, such as paper, a beam of light is directed against the material and the intensity of any light passing through the material is sensed and converted to a visual readout. A plurality of opacity measurements are made at different areas on the sheet material and, when a selected number of measurements have been made, a readout of the average value of the measurements is generated. The particular technique enables a large number of opacity measurements to be ...

An amplification-factor of the amplifier is controlled so as the output from a film-detecting-mechanism to be supplied as the input into a subtractor is adjusted fitting to a reference signal-prior to the film-insertion into the detecting mechanism. The output-signal from a comparator is supplied into the amplification-factor-variable-amplifier, in which the amplification-factor is controlled depending on the magnitude of the input-signal, and it is kept at the controlled value. Or an intensity ...

A primary mirror and a secondary mirror are arranged on a lens to form an eccentric radiation path through the mirror objective. The optical axis of the mirror objective follows an N-shaped path through the objective and central diaphragming is avoided. The object and consequently the image are situated outside the geometrical axis of the mirror objective, which shows a short distance between the object and the image. In an optical arrangement comprising two such mirror objectives, one is used f...