Grating profile data is classified using a cluster generator to generate a plurality of clusters of grating profile data points from a data space containing grating profile data points. The cluster generator associates profile shape data to each cluster, and links the associated profile shape data to the grating profiles belonging to each cluster.

The grammar of this invention is an approach to regular expressions which introduces advantages to programmers who use regular expressions for scanning, searching, and tokenizing text: Allowing composition of regular expressions (patterns) through the standard C/C++ operators (using C/C++ precedence and associativity), thus appealing to a huge audience of programmers already familiar with that style of grammar. Generalizing the negated character-class (so familiar to Perl programmers) in a way t...

Methods for multi-class cost-sensitive learning are based on iterative example weighting schemes and solve multi-class cost-sensitive learning problems using a binary classification algorithm. One of the methods works by iteratively applying weighted sampling from an expanded data set, which is obtained by enhancing each example in the original data set with as many data points as there are possible labels for any single instance, using a weighting scheme which gives each labeled example the wei...

A knowledge base search and retrieval system, which includes factual knowledge base queries and concept knowledge base queries, is disclosed. A knowledge base stores associations among terminology/categories that have a lexical, semantical or usage association. Document theme vectors identify the content of documents through themes as well as through classification of the documents in categories that reflects what the documents are primarily about. The factual knowledge base queries identify, in...

A system and method for generating a user profile for a user based on a static profile and a dynamic profile of the user. The static profile includes factual user information. The dynamic profile includes dynamic rules which correspond to transactional information of the user. The method and system compresses the dynamic rules into aggregated rules so that the user can view a comparatively small number of the aggregated rules and select the desired rules from the aggregated rules based on user-d...

Designs for cognitive memory systems storing input data, images, or patterns, and retrieving it without knowledge of where stored when cognitive memory is prompted by query pattern that is related to sought stored pattern. Retrieval system of cognitive memory uses autoassociative neural networks and techniques for pre-processing query pattern to establish relationship between query pattern and sought stored pattern, to locate sought pattern, and to retrieve it and ancillary data. Cognitive memor...

A system for developing semantic schema for natural language processing has a semantic runtime engine and a semantic authoring tool. The semantic runtime engine is adapted to map a natural language input to a semantic schema and to return the mapped results to an application domain. The semantic authoring tool is adapted to receive user input for defining the semantic schema and to interact with the semantic runtime engine to test the semantic schema against a query.

An image analyzing and expression adding apparatus for presenting an operator with image impressions displayed in terms of sensitive language and for allowing the operator to use stored design know-how in adding expressions to the image on display. An image segmenting unit segments an input image into a plurality of areas. An image feature storing unit stores the physical feature quantities of each of the segmented areas. The physical feature quantities are processed by an image analyzing unit p...

A method of analyzing an evolution of a biological system comprising the steps of determining a series of variables upon which a state of the biological system depends, mapping the variables to an n-dimensional space, and wherein the evolution of the biological system is monitored utilising a trajectory formed from sets of the variables which define the states of the biological system at different times, thereby using time as a parameter in the n-dimensional space in a manner such that every poi...

The computer-aided official management system for developments described in patents and publications, which limits the official examination work for each development and substantially supports development management, permits data to be organized in a classification system with low redundancy. The management system contains a multiplicity of development systems (1) which emerge from one another by means of set operations via orientated relationships (4), in that each development system (1) is lin...