When a computer user is granted access to certain capabilities of a computer he is often given a password signifying these capabilities. A problem arises in that unauthorized users may copy the password and so gain access to the capabilities. In the present invention an enciphered message relating to capabilities is stored in the tamper-resistant store of a circuit contained by a token. The store also holds the secret key of a public key encryption system so that the enciphered message and a dis...

An optical system (10) for correcting wavefront aberrations of an optical beam (12). The beam (12) is received by an entrance pupil (14), where a portion of the beam (12) at the entrance pupil (14) is coupled off of the main beam (12) to be used as a reference beam (22). The reference beam (22) is taken from a small enough portion of the main beam (12) so that the temporal coherence of the reference beam wavefront is substantially in phase. The reference beam (22) is amplified by a coherent refe...

A lateral shearing interferometer wavefront sensor system (10) that employs a double-shear/full aperture approach to correct for branch points in the wavefront of an optical beam (24) that has been aberated. The wavefront sensor system (10) includes a lateral shearing interferometer (12) having a beam splitter (14) that splits the beam (24) into a first split beam (28) and a second split beam (26), a beam shifter (22) that shifts the first split beam (28) relative to the second split beam (26), ...

A spectrometer construction incorporates a single lens system (11) to both focus light input to the spectrometer on a diffraction grating (9) and to focus the light dispersed by the diffraction grating into separate spectral constituents back through that lens onto an image plane (15) for processing. Ordinary photographic lenses with fast lenses of f2 or better are able to serve as the lens system, thereby providing a higher quality system at lower cost than previously possible. With the light p...

An image processing system and method for performing optical signal processing including target recognition and filtering. The system is particularly useful in remote or mobile imaging processing systems where the data gathering capabilities exceed the ability of the system to transmit this data over conventional data links. The system includes a spectrometer which receives portions of an image and produces a plurality of spectra of individual pixels in the image. A light-sensitive detector rece...

A method and apparatus are described for determining relative amounts of first and second gases in an unknown mixture of gases. Radiant energy is directed serially through reference volumes of the first and second gases and a volume of the unknown gas. The absorption of the radiant energy by the respective gas volumes is varied at different frequencies. The amount of radiant energy passing through the respective gas volumes is detected and a signal is developed representative of the ratio of the...

A dual sensor wavefront correction system is adaptable to correcting wavefronts including wavefronts that are severely scintillated. The system includes a Hartmann wavefront sensor as well as a unit shear lateral shearing interferometer (LSI) wavefront sensor. The optical output signals from the Hartmann wavefront sensor are applied to a real reconstructor which provides an estimation of the distortion in the wavefront during most conditions except for conditions of severe turbulence. In order t...

An improved lateral shearing interferometer system for use with an original optical wavefront and a displaced optical wavefront having a phase difference from the original optical wavefront is disclosed. It comprises a lateral shearing interferometer that responds to the original optical wavefront and the displaced optical wavefront and develops an optical interference pattern representative of the optical phase differences. An optical detector located at the focal plane of the optical interfere...

A dietary supplement including a unique combination of fruits, vegetables, herbs, and optionally vitamins, minerals and specialty ingredients. The supplement can include a fruit ingredient, a vegetable ingredient and an herbal ingredient, wherein the fruit ingredient is at least one of pomegranate and citrus bioflavonoids, wherein the vegetable ingredient is at least one of asparagus, lutein, lycopene and watercress, and wherein the herbal ingredient is at least one of basil, oregano and rosemar...

A method for crimping tire bead rings in which an inner die member has grooves for holding the bead rings in the area of the bead splices and an upper die member engages the outer surface of the bead rings in that area. The die members are compressed with sufficient force for a sufficient period of time so that the strands of the bead rings are held together by the insulating material around the strands in the area of the bead splices. The side portions of the grooves control the spreading of th...