Olefins, or mixtures of various olefins, are converted to other olefins by contact with a supported molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide organoaluminum catalyst.

A process for the conversion of olefinic hydrocarbons according to the olefin reaction (e.g., the olefin disproportionation reaction) by contacting the olefinic hydrocarbon with a catalyst comprising a coordination compound of molybdenum or tungsten complexed with NO, together with an organoaluminum adjuvant.

Olefins are converted by contact with a catalyst system made from a homogeneous olefin dimerization component, a homogeneous olefin disproportionation component, and a selected organoaluminum halide adjuvant to provide higher molecular weight olefins.

Pyrrolidines are dehydrogenated using a rhodium catalyst, preferably on a suitable support. Pyrrolines are produced. Trans-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine can be converted to cis-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine. High selectivities are demonstrated with use of a rhodium catalyst.

Catalysts active for the olefin reaction, including olefin disproportionation are provided comprising molybdenum or tungsten oxides associated with a suitable support material which has been subjected to treatment at high temperature in combination with organoaluminum compounds. The supported molybdenum or tungsten oxide can optionally be contacted with nitric oxide, nitrosyl halide, and alkali or alkaline earth metal compounds prior to treatment with the organoaluminum compound.

Novel compositions and novel hydroformylation catalysts are prepared by the interaction of an organorhodium halide of the formula (L).sub.n Rh(X).sub.m, wherein X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, L is a cyclic diene or a cyclic triene, n equals 1 or 2, m equals 1 or 2, the sum of n + m equals 2 or 3; hydrazine or a hydride of Group IA, IIA or IIIA metals; and a phosphorus containing adjuvant of the formula L'.sub.3 P, wherein each L' individually represents aryl, aryloxy, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkary...

Cycloalkylaromatics are produced from aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and an aqueous HF-treated ruthenium halide-active clay catalyst which has been promoted with at least one compound of iron, cobalt, and nickel. Preferably the catalyst has not been heated under calcination conditions prior to use. In a specific embodiment, benzene is converted to cyclohexylbenzene with good selectivity over an active clay impregnated with ruthenium chloride and hydrogen fluoride and at least ...

Novel compositions and novel hydroformylation catalysts are prepared by the interaction of an organorhodium halide of the formula (L).sub.n Rh(X).sub.m, wherein X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, L is a cyclic diene or a cyclic triene, n equals 1 or 2, m equals 1 or 2, the sum of n+m equals 2 or 3; hydrazine or a hydride of Group IA, IIA or IIIA metals; and a phosphorus containing adjuvant of the formula L'.sub.3 P, wherein each L' individually represents aryl, aryloxy, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkarylo...

Olefins are dimerized by contacting the olefin with a homogeneous catalyst comprising a chromium halide complex in combination with an ethylaluminum dichloride adjuvant. Additionally, a heterogeneous catalyst is prepared by depositing upon a suitable support the homogeneous combination mentioned above and contacting the olefin to produce dimers thereof.

Butadiene is oligomerized with a catalyst formed by mixing a conjugated diene-organolithium adduct with a cobalt compound.