A first beam of light from a laser is split by a beam splitter into a reference beam and at least one second beam of light, the latter of which is directed from an optical head into an atmosphere. Light from the at least one second beam of light scattered by molecules or aerosols in the atmosphere is collected by a corresponding at least one telescope of the optical head as at least one light signal. The at least one light signal and the reference beam are simultaneously processed by different p...

Methods and apparatus are employed to enhance the efficiency and applicability of Fabry-Perot interferometers. In existing devices, light introduced at a first off-axis point on the image plane is partially transmitted through the interferometer to the detector and partially reflected to a second off-axis point on the image plane. Broadly, the invention re-uses the light reflected to the second off-axis point rather than discarding it. As one example, the reflected light is guided to a third off...

An optical system employs an internally conical reflector for converting circular fringe information, such as that which is produced by a Fabry-Perot Interferometer, into linear information whereby the reflected light can be received by conventional linear array detectors, such as charge coupled device which are used in spectroscopic analysis. The azimuthal angle of the detected circular fringe pattern is reduced with the use of a tele-kaleidoscope having a predetermined arrangement of mirrors. ...

An improved, temperature-compensated piezoelectric force motor features greater dynamic range and robustness as compared to previous motor designs. By implementing positive and negative expanding elements, the overall motor length is held constant over temperature. A central stretching member removes the PZT element from the load path of the motor when the motor is relaxed, thereby preventing damage to the element during assembly and deployment. When the piezoelectric element is powered, the cen...

A flow meter filter system (200) according to an embodiment of the invention includes a noise pass filter (203) configured to receive a first version of a flow meter signal and filter out the flow meter data from the flow meter signal to leave a noise signal, a noise quantifier (204) configured to receive the noise signal from the noise pass filter (203) and measure noise characteristics of the noise signal, a damping adjuster (205) configured to receive the noise characteristics from the noise ...

A flow meter filter system (200) according to an embodiment of the invention includes a noise pass filter (203) configured to receive a first version of a flow meter signal and filter out the flow meter data from the flow meter signal to leave a noise signal, a noise quantifier (204) configured to receive the noise signal from the noise pass filter (203) and measure noise characteristics of the noise signal, a damping adjuster (205) configured to receive the noise characteristics from the noise ...

The novel arylsulfonamide ether compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof as inhibitors of interleukin-1.beta. converting enzyme and other cysteine proteases in the ICE family are described. In one embodiment, the compound is described by the generalized structure: ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, amides, and prodrugs thereof. In addition, methods of treating stroke, inflammatory diseases, septic shock, repurfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, and shigellosis...

A method for treating a substrate is disclosed in which a propellant stream is passed through a channel and directed toward a substrate. Substrate pre-marking or post-marking treatment material is controllably introduced into the propellant stream and imparted with sufficient kinetic energy thereby to be made incident upon a substrate. A multiplicity of channels for directing the propellant and treatment material allow for high throughput, high resolution in-situ treatment. Marking materials and...

An apparatus for treating a substrate is disclosed in which a propellant stream is passed through a channel and directed toward a substrate. Substrate pre-marking or post-marking treatment material is controllably introduced into the propellant stream and imparted with sufficient kinetic energy thereby to be made incident upon a substrate. A multiplicity of channels for directing the propellant and treatment material allow for high throughput, high resolution in-situ treatment. Marking materials...