A process for the reduction of sulfur oxides from flue gases is provided in which ammonia is added to the flue gas to precipitate out (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4. The (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 is collected and can be sold as a commercial product.

A method for desulphurizing iron, steel, stack gases and the like is provided in which rare earth oxides are reacted, in the presence of an agent, such as carbon, vacuum, reducing gases, etc. for reducing the oxygen level, with the sulphur to be removed to form one of the group consisting of rare earth sulphides, rare earth oxysulphides and mixtures thereof.

A method for desulfurization of fuel gases resulting from the incomplete combustion of sulfur containing hydrocarbons whereby the gases are treated with lanthanide oxides containing large numbers of oxygen-ion vacancies providing ionic porosity which enhances the ability of the lanthanide oxides to react more rapidly and completely with the sulfur in the fuel gases whereby the sulfur in such gases is reduced to low levels suitable for fuels for firing into boilers of power plants generating elec...

A method for the regeneration of sulfur containing cerium compounds formed by the desulfurization of fluid materials containing sulfur with cerium oxide back to its original form, CeO.sub.2, wherein the sulfur containing cerium compounds are removed from contact with the fluid material containing sulfur; the temperature of the sulfur containing cerium compounds is raised above the temperature at which cerium sulfate dissociates; and the sulfur containing cerium compounds whose temperature is abo...

A process for the removal of chlorine from reducing gases is provided wherein the reducing gases are contacted with cerium oxide. The chlorided cerium oxide is regenerated in an oxidizing atmosphere to provide cerium oxide. This cerium oxide regenerated is again capable of reacting with chlorine in reducing gases.

A method for desulphurizing fluid materials such as molten iron, steel, stack gases, synthetic natural gases, boiler gases, coal gasification and liquification products and the like is provided in which one of the group rare earth oxides, rare earth fluocarbonates, rare earth oxyfluorides and mixtures thereof, including bastnasite concentrates are reacted at low oxygen potential, with the sulphur to be removed to form one of the group consisting of rare earth sulphides, rare earth oxysulphides a...

A method for desulphurizing fluid materials such as molten iron, steel, stack gases, synthetic natural gases, boiler gases, coal gasification and liquification products and the like is provided in which one of the group rare earth oxides, rare earth fluocarbonates, rare earth oxyfluorides and mixtures thereof, including bastnasite concentrates are reacted at low oxygen potential, with the sulphur to be removed to form one of the group consisting of rare earth sulphides, rare earth oxysulphides a...

A method for desulfurizing gases in which the sulfur is mainly in the form of hydrogen sulfide by reacting with one of the forms of cerium oxide with the formation of a cerium-oxygen-sulfur compound, which method can be conducted at temperatures as high as the lowest melting point of either the cerium oxides or cerium-oxygen-sulfur compounds formed by the reactions. The method also includes a definition of the temperature necessary for the regeneration of the cerium-oxygen-sulfur compounds back ...

A method for desulfurizing fluid materials, comprising reacting sulfur to be removed with a rare earth compound, thereby forming rare earth sulfides, oxysulfides or mixtures thereof. The reaction is conducted under conditions of low oxygen potential. Rare earth sulfides and oxysulfides can be reacted with oxygen to restore a capacity for desulfurization.

A method for desulfurizing gases in which the sulfur is mainly in the form of hydrogen sulfide by reacting with one of the forms of cerium oxide with the formation of a cerium-oxygen-sulfur compound, which method can be conducted at temperatures as high as the lowest melting point of either the cerium oxides or cerium-oxygen-sulfur compounds formed by the reactions. The method also includes a definition of the temperature necessary for the regeneration of the cerium-oxygen-sulfur compounds back ...