A phase-change memory for employing chalcogenide as a recording medium is disclosed, which prevents the read disturbance from being generated, and reads data at high speed. In a phase-change memory cell array including a selection transistor and chalcogenide, a substrate potential of the selection transistor is isolated in a direction perpendicular to the word lines. During the data recording, a forward current signal flows between the substrate and the source line connected to chalcogenide, and...

A magnetic nonvolatile memory cell includes a C-MOSFET, a spin torque magnetization inversion layer and a tunneling magnetoresistive layer arranged in this order. The memory cell has the function of spin torque magnetization inversion and consumes very low power. A random access memory includes a plurality of the memory cells.

A write operation of a MRAM in which a current necessary for inverting magnetization of an MTJ element has to be passed through a data line and therefore current consumption is large. The write operation comprises: comparing input data DI with read data GO read from a memory cell array and encoding the input data DI to form write data GI by a data encoder WC; and decoding the read data GO by a data decoder RD to form output data DO. In a nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which the current is p...

There is disclosed a write operation of a MRAM in which a current necessary for inverting magnetization of an MTJ element has to be passed through a data line and therefore current consumption is large. The write operation comprises: comparing input data DI with read data GO read from a memory cell array and encoding the input data DI to form write data GI by a data encoder WC; and decoding the read data GO by a data decoder RD to form output data DO. In a nonvolatile semiconductor memory in whi...

A shift information latch circuit includes a plurality of latch portions provided corresponding to memory cell rows, respectively, and a fuse circuit transmitting fuse data produced corresponding to an address of a faulty memory cell row. The plurality of latch portion successively receive fuse data, and each transmit a shift control signal instructing a shift operation. In response to this shift control signal, a row decoder and a match line amplifier execute a shift operation for repairing the...

A phase-change memory for employing chalcogenide as a recording medium is disclosed, which prevents the read disturbance from being generated, and reads data at high speed. In a phase-change memory cell array including a selection transistor and chalcogenide, a substrate potential of the selection transistor is isolated in a direction perpendicular to the word lines. During the data recording, a forward current signal flows between the substrate and the source line connected to chalcogenide, and...

A liquid product obtained by hydrodealkylation of hydrocarbon oil containing aromatic hydrocarbons is firstly subjected to rectification, then thus obtained substantially pure benzene is treated with clay substance under a temperature below 120.degree. C. A highly purified benzene especially good in color is obtained.

An ink jet recording apparatus of a dot matrix type in which the amounts of charges given to ink droplets are controlled depending upon recording conditions. The apparatus comprises, in one embodiment, a central processing unit (CPU) capable of generating unit video data and dot data concerning an image to be recorded, a random access memory (RAM) for storing the unit video data, a selector for reading out predetermined number of unit video data among those stored in the RAM, an AND gate receivi...

A semiconductor memory device and a method of fabricating the same are provided, in which an interlayer film which only covers a peripheral circuit region except a memory cell array region is formed above the peripheral circuit region to reduce a topological difference between both regions after bitlines are formed, therefore a semiconductor substrate which has a plain surface as a main one can be used as a starting body with no preliminary processing thereon and a shallow trench isolation techn...

The image display device has a display section formed of plural pixels and a control section which controls the display section, and is provided with nonvolatile phase-change type pixel memories in respective ones of the pixels, or is provided with a nonvolatile phase-change type frame memory in the control section. Each of the nonvolatile phase-change type pixel memories is formed of one or more switches and a variable-resistance memory element fabricated from a chalcogenide material for storin...