A micromanipulator having a high-stiffness manipulation probe capable of carrying out a manipulation process in the view range of a microscope without modifying an existing observation optical system. The micromanipulator comprises a manipulation probe protruding from a probe supporting member, which is connectedly supported on a transfer control device by means of a hold member. The manipulation probe can be moved (e.g., translated or rotated) for a desired stroke in a desired direction by driv...

A stereoadapter is mounted in front of an imaging optical system of a camera to photograph a parallax image. An optical system has two light-receiving modules spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance to receive light from the same object. Then, the optical system directs light received by each of the two light-receiving modules to the imaging optical system of the camera. A light-emitting module is provided at a predetermined position associated with the optical system and can em...

The composition of the present invention is one for forming a transparent conducting film, the composition comprising a water-soluble indium compound, a halogen-containing water-soluble organotin compound and a water-soluble organic high molecular compound. A method for forming a transparent conducting film according to the invention comprises the steps of i) applying to a substrate a solution for forming a transparent conducting film containing the composition in water or a solvent comprising w...

A first convex lens, having a focal length f1 and a second convex lens, having a focal length f2, are arranged at an interval d (=f1+f2). A mirror is provided, on the optical axis, to reflect the laser beam from a laser thereby emitting parallel beams, through the first lens, onto the surface to be measured. The interval between the first lens and the surface is f1+z1. The interval between the second lens and the image point, at which the image of the surface is formed, is f2+z2. A position dete...

Disclosed herewith is an optical axis displacement sensor, which has a convex lens having a hole on the optical axis, a light shielding plate having a hole on the optical axis and two parallel straight slits, a laser light source for irradiating a laser beam on a target surface through the holes of the light shielding plate and the convex lens, a CCD line sensor provided in parallel to the light shielding plate, perpendicular to the optical axis and perpendicular to the two straight slits, a cyl...

In a data processing method, all information on a figure to be drawn, as vector-graphic data representing said figure, is transmitted to a drawing apparatus. The vector-graphic data is processed to form an image, as raster-graphic data representing the figure, and the run length data is extracted from the image. The run length data is grouped to become grouped run length data, and outline vector-graphic data, that is having a smaller data amount than that of the vector-graphic data, and that is ...

In a planarization process with a CMP method for a work surface having very small protrusions and depressions thereon at a semiconductor process, a polishing method is provided which achieves high flatness by selectively polishing and removing the protrusions. Relating to the planarization process, such as a CMP processing or an aspheric lens polishing process, the polishing method is performed by forming an aggregation trace of particles on the work surface by irradiating laser light. More spec...

In a Chemical Mechanical Polishing flattening processing against a surface with minute bumps and dips in a semiconductor process, this invention provides a method of polishing to be able to perform selective polishing of the bumps. A laser beam is irradiated selectively on the surface of a work piece in accordance with a shape of minute bumps and dips on the surface of the work piece, thereby performing a removal control for the minute region and enabling to selectively polish particularly surfa...

A floating point addition-subtraction apparatus for adding or subtracting data having a floating point format including a mantissa operand, an exponent operand, and a sign operand. The operands are shifted right or left depending on operational status.

A method of manufacturing a structure in which a substrate can be removed easily from a structure that has been formed on the substrate by using a film forming technology. The method of manufacturing a structure includes the steps of (a) forming an intermediate layer on a substrate; (b) forming a structure including a brittle material layer on the intermediate layer by at least using a spray deposition method of spraying material powder toward the substrate, on which the intermediate layer is fo...