An atmospheric oven containing an atmospheric gas kept at a predetermined purity accommodates a transport for transporting an object to be heated along a predetermined transporting path. A rectangular sectioned tubular body for preventing the gas from flowing outside the oven extends a certain length from an entrance of the oven and an exit of the oven and has a sectional area necessary for passing the object through the tubular body.

An atmospheric steamer includes a steam chamber defined at least in part by a housing, and a water retaining area having at least one associated heating element for heating the water to generate steam. A vent opening is provided through the housing. A steam diverting baffle may be positioned around the vent opening to define a passage which leads to the vent opening. A sensor may be positioned along a vent path from the vent opening for sensing passage of steam along the vent path.

An apparatus and method is described for separately measuring the optical tensities of the following: a sample beam having traversed a sample medium; a backscattered beam having been backscattered by the sample medium; a composite beam composed of the sample beam plus a reference beam having traversed a reference medium; and a second composite beam composed of the backscattered beam plus the reference beam. Measurements of these parameters is accomplished through the use of a linearly polarized ...

An apparatus is provided for determining the consistency of a cement slurry under varying temperature and time conditions. A liquid containing vessel includes a shaft extended from the bottom rotated by a motor supported exteriorally of the vessel. Within the vessel a cylindrical slurry cup is removeably supported for rotation by the shaft in an upright coaxial manner. Received within the slurry cup is a paddle having vertical portions in proximity to the interior wall of the slurry cup. The pad...

The invention relates to an atmospheric heater particularly for cryogenic fluids. Examples of cryogenic fluids which can be heated are liquified nitrogen and liquified oxygen.

A pair of corner reflectors have their reflective surfaces disposed to reflect light towards each other. A known percentage of light reflected from one reflector is reflected back towards the other reflector. A transmitter/receiver, disposed adjacent to one of the reflectors, transmits a light pulse towards the other reflector. Portions of two successive light pulses reflected from the other reflector are received by the transmitter/receiver. Apparatus responsive to the strengths of the two rece...

Method and apparatus for the continuous, real-time measurement of the nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) content of a gaseous atmosphere. A flowing or non-confined atmospheric sample is subjected to energizing radiation in the broad NO.sub.2 absorption spectrum, preferably between about 400 and 600 nm., with sufficient energy to excite the NO.sub.2 to its fluorescent state. A detector measures the fluorescence in the red band (about 620 nm. to 800 nm.) with lower wavelength radiation, including the exc...

An atmospheric deaerator unit having a vessel divided into an atmospheric section and a low pressure section, the low pressure section containing steam supply line for deaerating a water spray circulated from the atmospheric section through a water circulating line using a series of spray heads for spraying water into the low pressure section, the circulating line communicating between the low pressure section and the atmospheric section, the atmospheric section having a vent open to atmosphere ...

An atmospheric vaporizer suitable for vaporizing cryogenic liquids on a continuous basis at greatly improved operating efficiency characterized by a critical pass spacing ratio of from 1 to 5.

A device for measuring the liquid content of a gas, as for example measuring the liquid water content in the atmosphere. The device employs a probe fabricated in part from a material which is thermally self-stabilizing and which preferably has a positive temperature coefficient. In use the probe is electrically heated and disposed in a flowing gas or is adapted for movement through a static gas so that droplets of liquid are deposited on the surface of the probe. Means is provided for detecting ...