A process of improving the oxidation of carbonaceous products derived from the combustion of fuel and improving combustion of a fuel is described. The process comprises adding to the fuel before combustion thereof a composition comprising at least an organo-metallic complex of a Group I or Group II metal characterized in that the concentration of the complex in the fuel before combustion is 30 ppm or less.

A technique for increasing the efficiency, and for decreasing the exhaust emissions, of an internal combustion type engine in which substantially rf energy (e.g., 10.sup.6 Hz to 10.sup.12 Hz) is generated and coupled to a combusting plasma airfuel mixture (preferably at a plasma frequency) so as to enhance both pre-combustion conditioning of the mixture and combustion reactions.

A combustion device, such as an afterburner 4 for a gas turbine engine, comprises primary and secondary fuel delivery means 12, 20. Pressure fluctuations in the afterburner 4 are damped by reducing the supply of fuel through the primary fuel delivery means 12 during pressure peaks. This is achieved by means of a spill valve 18, controlled by a controller 22 in response to pressure in the afterburner 4 as sensed by a transducer 24. The spill valve 18 diverts a proportion of the fuel to the second...

A controller (70) controls combustion in an internal combustion engine that injects a fuel having high self-ignitability into a cylinder during a compression stroke, in which a premixed gas formed from a fuel having low self-ignitability is compressed within the cylinder, and ignites the premixed gas using the injected fuel as an ignition source. The controller (70) is programmed to detect any one of a self-ignitability of the fuel forming the premixed gas, a self-ignitability of the fuel servin...

A combustion prechamber is formed by at least two components. An upper component for accommodating an injection device, for example, and a lower component for sealing the prechamber off from the main combustion chamber. To configure such a combustion pre-chamber such that, without impairing the combustion process and the service life, instead of being welded, the connecting seam between the upper component and the lower component is notch-free and, at the same time, has a high strength, and is p...

The invention relates to an incinerating toilet, having a basic structure (1) accommodating a preferably insulating block (5), which is rotatable in a horizontal plane, and provided with at least one recess (2, 2', 2") in its upper surface, this recess opening out in register with at least one opening (3), capped by a lidded seat ring (4), in the upper surface of the structure. The recess (2, 2', 2") accommodates an outer and an inner receptacle (6, 7) with a space (8) therebetween. An incinerat...

An apparatus for burning crude oil has a conduit (12) without a flow restriction orifice and which receives oil to be burned. The conduit (12) has a plurality of inclined nozzles (28) which are also arranged about the longitudinal axis of the bore (30) so as to be substantially tangential to the interior surface. A supply of high velocity air is passed through an inlet manifold (32) and inside a housing (18) surrounding the conduit (12) in the vicinity of the nozzles (28) where it passes through...

A combustion apparatus has a fuel feed unit, a blower for supplying combustion air, a mixing unit of fuel and combustion air, a first catalyst provided downstream of the mixing unit, a first heat receiving unit adjacent to the first catalyst, a second catalyst with a large geometrical surface area than that of the first catalyst provided downstream in the flow direction of the first catalyst, an electric heater for heating the catalyst provided downstream of the second catalyst, an air permeable...

In a combustion chamber of a gas-turbine group which essentially comprises a mixing section (2) for premixing an air/fuel mixture (16) and a downstream combustion space (3), a jump (5) in cross section is provided at the transition between the two said flow sections (2/3). This jump (5) in cross section induces the cross section of flow of the combustion space (3) and at the same time forms outer recirculation zones (10) in the combustion space (3). Flow passages (4) branch off in the end phase ...

A particularly reasonably priced cylinder liner (1) for combustion engines, especially for one-cylinder diesel engines with a cylinder (2) cast on the crankcase, is produced from steel by deep drawing or deformation by compression and inserted with a tight sliding fit into the cylinder bore (12).