A cryosurgical system and method for supplying cryogen to a probe. The system including a container filled with cryogen and having bellows of a pump submerged within said cryogen. Conduits fluidly interconnect the bellows and a probe that is outside the container to permit the cryogen to be forced from the bellows to the probe upon activation of pump. A pressure relief valve is fluidly coupled to the conduits and positioned between the bellows and the probe. After initially forcing cryogen to th...

This invention describes a means by which performance characteristics of capacitors can be improved. This is achieved by reducing the temperature, preferably but not exclusively to cryogenic temperatures below 100 K. This is based on the observation that the dielectric strength, dielectric losses and plate losses in many capacitors, such as film capacitors, improve as the temperature is decreased. A cryogenic capacitor bank is also described, which exhibits energy densities up to four times thos...

Cryogenic apparatus and methods are disclosed which enable a substance to be frozen at a rapid rate thereby promoting the formation of a multitude of small ice crystals in the substance rather than a smaller number of large ice crystals. The method comprises circulating a cryogen around a closed canal. The canal is preferably partly immersed in a bath containing a liquid which boils at a temperature below the boiling point of the cryogen in the canal, and which preferably boils at a temperature ...

Cryogenic valve with at least one pair of sealing elements, preferably one with a seat and a tappet, whose seat surfaces are in sealing contact with one another in the shutoff position. At least one sealing element of the pair is formed of a linearly superelastic shape memory alloy, which is stabilized by plastic cold working in the martensitic textural state, i.e., no longer displays a shape memory effect.

A cryogenic system includes a space formed between a cooling stage of a cryocooler unit and an element to be cooled, and a thermal joint placed in the space, wherein the thermal joint is composed of a substance that has a melting point higher than the cooling temperature of the element to be cooled and that is in a liquid or gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The cryogenic system can achieve reproducible and excellent thermal contact at a cooling stage without applying a...

A cryogenic system includes a containment vessel in which a body to be cooled is housed in such a manner that the body is immersed in a liquid coolant; a tubular refrigerator sleeve; and a refrigerator, inserted in the opening section of the refrigerator sleeve, for recondensing coolant gas generated from the coolant, wherein a gas flow-forming means for forming a flow of purge gas toward an opening section of the refrigerator sleeve is provided. The purge gas prevents air from entering a refrig...

A cryogenic refrigerator includes a first refrigerant tube and a second refrigerant tube each comprising two tubes that are arranged on a cooling stage substantially parallel to each other and communicate with each other through a gas passage formed in the cooling stage. Phase differences are provided to oscillating gas pressures in the first and second refrigerant tubes, to cancel vibration of the cooling stage. Thus, the cryogenic refrigerator can be provided which can effectively reduce the v...

An inverter (22) is provided between a power source (20) and a suction/discharge valve driving motor (14) that controls cycle time of suction and discharge of a refrigerator unit (10). An output frequency of the inverter (22) is controlled in accordance with output of a sensor (24) that detects temperature of a thermal load portion (11) of the refrigerator unit (10). This enables temperature adjustment of individual refrigerators with a highly reliable method without using an electric heater.

A cryogenic refrigerator includes a pressure feeding device, a refrigeration device, a high pressure passage, a low pressure passage, and at least one heat exchanger at the high pressure passage for refrigerating the refrigerant introduced at the high pressure passage by heat exchange, the heat exchanger including an active pressure drop type heat exchanger for declining pressure of the refrigerant at the high pressure passage before being introduced into the refrigeration device. The active pre...

The bearing system includes a first component having a first substrate and a first coating. The first coating includes a DLC layer and a DLN layer between the DLC layer and the substrate. A second component is in sliding engagement with the first component.