An oxygenation system for promoting the activity of microorganisms supported on a filter bed, by introducing an oxygenated liquid stream into contact with the microorganisms.

Filtration methods comprise virus-filtering a solution containing a least one macromolecule. In one embodiment, the total salt content of the solution is within the range of from about 0.2 M to 2 M. In another embodiment, the total salt content of the solution is within the range of from about 0.2 M up to saturation with a salt, and the salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium phosphate, potassium dyhydrophosphate a...

Filtration methods comprise virus-filtering a solution containing at least one macromolecule. The total salt content of the solution is within the range of from about 0.2M to 2M or within the range of from about 0.2M up to saturation with the salt.

A filter system 10 includes a pre-filter in a pre-filter zone 18 and a final filter in a final filter zone 22. The pre-filter is in the form of at least one inertial filter, e.g. an array 28 of axial flow cyclones 30. The final filter is in the form of a media filter 36 formed of a lofted bat of fibrous material which is of non-homogeneous structure through its depth. An upstream side is lofty, and a downstream side is of set structure. A contaminated fluid flow stream enters via an inlet 12. Co...

In the extraction of coal using a liquid solvent oil, filtration can be assisted by using a filter aid which is of coal origin. The filter aid is produced by high temperature processing of coal or an ash-rich coal-derived residue under conditions at which the ash component of the coal or residue does not fuse. A preferred starting material is filter cake from a coal extraction process.

A filter system 10 includes a pre-filter in a pre-filter zone 18 and a final filter in a final filter zone 22. The pre-filter is in the form of at least one inertial filter, e.g. an array 28 of axial flow cyclones 30. The final filter is in the form of a media filter 36 formed of a lofted bat of fibrous material which is of non-homogeneous structure through its depth. An upstream side is lofty, and a downstream side is of set structure. A contaminated fluid flow stream enters via an inlet 12. Co...

This invention provides a filtration process capable of intermittent repetition wherein the prefilt is fed under pressure to one section of a pair of containers compressed to a watertight closure through a filter medium and the filtrate is discharged from another section of said containers, the backwash process wherein the filtrate is fed under pressure in the reverse direction of the filtration process, while said filtration process is suspended, to remove plugging of said filter medium, and th...

Filtration apparatus prevents a membrane filter from fouling by providing a UV irradiation apparatus. The filtration apparatus comprises a filtration tank which contains a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1 to 1 .mu.m connected to the UV irradiation equipment, an air diffusing pipe placed below the membrane filter, an air blower for sending air to the air diffusing pipe, a filtrate discharge pipe connected to the membrane filter, a flow meter and a flow control valve.

A filtration system is disclosed which includes an inlet passageway having restriction means therein. The restriction means may be an orifice plate or a small sized passage, and this determines the difference in the fluid levels between a supply conduit and the filter chamber into which the influent water is delivered. The restriction means also causes changes in level due to changes in flow rate to be more gradual, thus causing filtration rates to change more slowly. The use of the restriction ...

The invention describes a device especially suited for laboratory scale filtration comprising a sample container, a filter element attached to the sample container by means of a threaded cap terminating in a funnel-shaped means which conveys the filtrate to a receiving vessel. Various embodiments of the invention allow the filtration to be accomplished either by centrifugal means, application of pressure to the atmosphere in the sample vessel, evacuation of the atmosphere within the receiving ve...