A process for making a fuel by combining turpentine, alcohol and blending agent and reducing the temperature of a batch to form two separate phases of differing densities, both of which are separately useable as fuels for internal combustion engines. The proportions of combustion favor the denser phase. However, under certain conditions, the less dense phase may be desired. Either phase may also be combined with gasoline to enhance the performance of the gasoline.

Castor oil extended by addition of an alcohol and water, the mixture then being essentially immune to phase separation or haziness or inadvertent addition of extra water contamination, of a pH range of about 4-121/2 and having a flash point above the United States government regulation permitting the fuel to be shipped interstate as an oil rather than as a volatile solvent or fuel.

The disclosure shows two forms of injectors for supplying fuel to an ultra high temperature gas stream. One form of fuel injector provides a cooling film of fuel by reason of its porous construction. The other form of injector provides the same type of cooling film through the use of small holes disposed at a low angle to the outer, exposed surface of the injector.

A fuel injector for discharging fuel to an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The injector includes a nozzle body having a solenoid actuator, a pole piece with an axial extending fuel passage, a valve assembly including a reciprocably moveable armature operable against the bias of a spring member, a calibration tube extending through the pole piece fuel passage and operable to load the spring, an axially extending, drawn metal fuel tube having a first end defining an injector fuel inlet an...

A highly combustible fuel which exhibits low exhaust pollutants is developed by exposing an atmosphere of a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, for example, gasoline, to a source of energy such as an electrical potential difference, ultra-violet radiation, microwave radiation or laser radiation. The combustible fuel can be fed directly to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. It is clearly visible in the flask as being whitish silvery grey in color. The combustible fuel can also be condensed and...

With an arrangement that the axial distance from the upper end of a first opening area to the upper end of the second opening area is equal to the axial distance from the upper end of a first coupling member to the upper end of a second coupling member, when a spring member is moved upwardly relative to round cells, the upper end of the second coupling member comes into contact with the upper end of the second opening area, and the spring members receives upwardly acting forces from fuel element...

A fuel for a fuel cell system, which comprises at least 5 vol. % of hydrocarbons based on the whole fuel and 0.5 to 20 mass % of oxygenates in terms of an oxygen content based on the whole fuel, wherein the total content of hydrocarbon compounds which have carbon numbers of 7 and 8 is 20 vol. % or more based on the whole hydrocarbons and the total content of hydrocarbon compounds which have carbon numbers of 10 or more is 20 vol. % or less based on the whole hydrocarbons, and a fuel for a fuel c...

A versatile fuel cartridge for storing methanol and water, methanol/water mixture or methanol/water mixtures of varying concentrations is disclosed. The present invention utilizes a filler insert preferably occupying a small portion of the volume of the fuel cartridge, so that the fuel cartridge may hold more fuel to ensure a longer life. The filler insert is capable of wicking and transporting the fuel to the MEA. Additionally, the filler insert remains in physical contact with the fuel in any ...

Fuel gauges for fuel supplies for fuel cells are disclosed. Each fuel gauge has a property that is readable by an electrical circuit. These properties are related to the remaining fuel in the fuel supplies. These properties include, but are not limited to, electrical capacitance, magnetic, semi-conducting resistance, bi-metal resistance, and oscillating magnetic field. These fuel gauges are functional at any fuel supply orientation.

Disclosed herein are a fuel composition comprising a fuel oil added with at least two kinds of soaps selected from cerium, neodymium and lanthanum soaps and a fuel additive comprising an organic solution that contains at least two kinds of soaps selected from cerium, neodymium and lanthanum soaps.