A microscope for producing an image of a target using THz radiation. The microscope comprises a source for providing an optical pump pulse and an optical probe pulse; a THz emitter for activation by pump pulse to emit a THz pulse that irradiates the target to form a target-modified THz pulse; a THz detector for modulating the probe pulse with the target-modified THz pulse to create a modulated optical probe pulse characteristic of the target; an optical detection system for modifying and detecti...

In a radiographic system a converter is used for changing image forming intensity distribution in a bundle of penetrating rays into a flow of electrically charged particles by electrodes located in a gas space and partly latticed (grids) which lie at potentials stepped from cathode to anode. The invention is particularly characterized by the provision of at least two grids extending between and parallel to the cathode and the anode. The electrical field which lies between two electrodes lies at ...

This ray typewriter has two main applications. It may serve as a computer output to rapidly produce small-size photographic copies, or also as a typewriter operated by hand from a keyboard. Each type has its own source of radiant energy that is directed through an outlet representing the type. Said sources are arranged in an arc about a common point and their rays are directed towards said point. When activated, images of said outlets are made in a common region containing said point. In a compu...

An X-ray recording device has an X-ray detector and an X-ray emitter aligned with one another on a mobile supporting device, the supporting device being supported by retainer on a stand unit and being displaceable along a horizontal translation axis and/or vertical translation axis. The retainer has only one first pivoting arm rotatably mounted on the stand unit for rotation around a first vertical rotational axis and only one second pivoting arm rotatably mounted on the first pivoting arm for r...

An X-ray diaphragm including plural sets of X-ray absorbing plates, each of the plural sets including four of X-ray absorbing plates, the four X-ray absorbing plates in each of the plural sets being arranged such that two of the four plates and the other two are positioned respectively in two directions perpendicular to each other to define a quadrangular aperture and that adjacent ones thereof respectively overlap each other partially at four corners of the aperture, the apertures in the plural...

Spectroscopic materials analysis wherein a sample under test is bombarded by electrons in a scanning electron microscope to produce an x-ray emission collected over a large solid angle by a polycapillary lens and focused onto the surface of a microcalorimeter detector. The x-ray lens is used to increase the effective collection area of the microcalorimeter detector used in an x-ray spectrometer. By increasing the collection angle, the time period for x-ray collection is reduced and the detector ...

An X-ray diaphragm which forms a pyramidal X-ray beam with use of a simple construction includes four blades which are arranged in a surrounding relation to four sides so as to form a pyramidal X-ray beam with an X-ray focus as a vertex, the four blades having a structure such that the blades are fitted in one another in the form of parallel crosses at portions corresponding to four-corner edges of the pyramid. The blades have respective plural cross beams, the cross beams being formed such that...

Soft X-rays are very suitable for the examination of biological samples by means of an X-ray microscope. The X-rays are generated by focusing an electron beam onto a fluid jet, thus producing a very small electron focus on the jet and hence a very small monochromatic X-ray spot. The electron spot can be obtained by means of a standard electron microscope (a SEM) or by means of a standard electron gun for a cathode ray tube (a CRT gun). The imaging optical elements in the X-ray microscope may be ...

With a view to providing an X-ray irradiator capable of detecting a relative rotational angle of a collimator box with respect to an X-ray tube, the X-ray irradiator comprises: an X-ray tube having a flange formed around an X-ray output window; a collimator box having an entry plate formed with an X-ray incidence window, the collimator box accommodating a collimator in the interior thereof; a ring provided on the entry plate so as to surround the X-ray incidence window, the ring receiving therei...

Two-dimensional or three-dimensional images of the distribution of a property of an object are formed by passing rays of radiation through the object and detecting how much each ray is attenuated. The Fourier transform is taken of each individual ray but only the zeroth term of the transform along the path of the ray is retained. Each of these transforms is added into a two or thee-dimensional array. If the three-dimensional distribution is being imaged, the transform is a plane of numbers, whic...