Substrates, particularly thermoplastic resins and polymers, are plated with metals by pre-treatment of the substrate with phosphorus in an organic solvent to deposit phosphorus at the surface, followed by contacting the treated surface wit a metal salt or complex thereof, to form a metal-phosphorus compound. Thereafter the substrate is subjected to an aqueous hypophosphite solution. The resulting treated surface is conductive and can be readily electroplated by conventional techniques.

A circuit board with hydrocarbon substrate based on a polymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 conjugated diene with more than 50 percent of its unsaturation being 1, 2 is improved by the combination of a second hydrocarbon polymer with lower amounts of 1, 2 unsaturation and correspondingly higher amounts of 1, 4 unsaturation.

Substrates particularly thermoplastic resins and polymers, are plated with metals by pre-treatment of the substrate with a metallic coating by contacting said substrate with a basic solution of a metal salt to which is being introduced continuously or portionwise a phosphorus compound wherein the phosphorus has an oxidation number of less than 5. The resulting treated surface is conductive. Such conductive surfaces are readily electroplated by conventional techniques.

A synthetic culture medium comprising a polymeric material having an apparent density of 0.01 and 0.5 and a specific surface area of between 2 and 25 m.sup.2 /g, the polymeric material being in the form of an amorphous fibril. Such polymeric materials include thermoplastic polymers such as film-forming linear super polyamides, film-forming polyesters, vinly polymers, acrylonitrile base polymers, and polyolefins, the fibrils being suitable for use as a culture medium either alone or in combinatio...

A method of metallizing a substrate by applying a metallic film to the substrate and measuring the film at a plurality of different lateral positions of the substrate by inducing an eddy current in the film and detecting the magnitude of the film to provide an indication of film thickness.

A metallic container for beverage is protected from its contents by electrodeposited zinc, which is anodized in alkali then anodically reacted with weak poly(acrylic acid) and finally cured at 85.degree. C. at 100% relative humidity.

A metallic container for beverage is protected from its contents by electrodeposited zinc, which is anodized in alkali then anodically reacted with weak poly(acrylic acid) and finally cured at 85.degree. C. at 100% relative humidity.

There is provided a two-phase bath for metallizing substrates which comprises a first phase comprising phosphorus in a solvent, and multipurpose agent, and a second phase comprising a metal salt or complex thereof and multipurpose agent, wherein said multipurpose agent is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, vinyl polymers and copolymers, acrylic polymers, novolacs, oxyalkylated novolacs, oxyalkylated aniline novolacs, oxyalkylated polyols, glycols, polyglycols, siloxanes...

Functionalized substrates, methods of making functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

Chromogenic substrates of the formula A--O--B are described, in which A represents the radical in the ion A--O.sup.- of a compound A--OH, whose absorbance is measured photometrically after hydrolysis of A--O--B, while B is the radical in a compound B--OH which makes the compound specific for the reaction with a given enzyme, and where A--OH is a hydroxynitropyridine, a hydroxynitrobenzopyranone, a dibenzox(or thi)azine or a dibenzopyranone or a derivative thereof, and B is a sugar or sugar deriv...