The present invention relates to a connector for connecting a semi-conductor chip carrier to a printed circuit board (PCB). More particularly, the invention comprises an insulating housing and a plurality of contact-bearing spring members positioned around the periphery of a central compartment in the housing. The spring member connects the leads on the chip package to traces on the PCB.

The present invention relates to a connector for connecting a semi-conductor chip carrier to a printed circuit board (PCB). More particularly, the invention comprises an insulating housing and a plurality of contact-bearing spring members positioned around the periphery of a central compartment in the housing. The spring member connects the leads on the chip package to traces on the PCB.

In a method for producing a surface that is intended to form part of a coupling for use in chip removing machining, the surface includes a number of groove sets to allow locking by shape against another surface provided with grooves. Each groove set has a main direction, and the main directions of adjacently situated groove sets intersect. The number of groove sets are at least three, each groove set is produced in a separate cutting operation, and an equally large part of the surface is machine...

An atomic force microscope is provided for sensing displacement of a cantilever based on scanning tunneling microscopy. The atomic force microscope includes a cantilever moving system which allows the cantilever to be moved or slipped between an STM tip and a sample. This results in the microscope being able to carry out atomic force microscopy and tunneling microscopy without changing a single STM tip and to control the very small force between the sample and the tip to be constant.

Surface mount technology may be utilized to join two surfaces together that may include relative surface irregularities. By varying the volume of surface mount material applied to electrically and physically join the two surfaces, surface-to-surface irregularities may be compensated for. Various techniques may be utilized to vary the volume of the interconnection material in a high speed fashion.

A device for texturizing painted surfaces in which a plurality of tapered S-shaped resilient petals or flaps depend from a formable backing member. The petals or flaps are of non-uniform length. The device has a removable handle for ease in applying it to wall and ceiling surfaces.

A method of providing a decorative exposed metallic surface with protection from marring, marking and staining, comprising the steps of coating the surface with an aqueous solution which contains ions of magnesium, ammonium, chromate and phosphate and curing said coating. A composite article comprising a layer of metal having a decorative exposed surface and at least one layer of a substantially water insoluble, transparent, cured coating which offers protection from marring, marking and stainin...

An apparatus for characterizing a surface, such as on a semiconductor wafer, includes a heater for establishing controlled temperature conditions, a nitrogen input, and a desiccant for establishing a controlled atmosphere at the surface. A dispensing mechanism provides a known quantity of a liquid in a droplet on the surface. The surface is characterized by determining the evaporation rate of the liquid from the surface under the controlled conditions established by the apparatus. This is usuall...

A retroreflector of unusually high retroreflective efficiency comprises an array of cube corner reflectors arranged as shown in FIG. 1. The cube corners are made so extremely accurately and of such small size teat diffraction is the predominant factor governing the divergence from perfect retroreflection of the reflected light. The retroreflectors have various uses and are particularly efficient reflectors for highway signs and markers.

In a surface condenser including a plurality of parallel tubes arranged in a plurality of parallel rows between an inlet and an outlet manifold for condensing a vaporous medium by a stream of coolant, freeze-up of the tubes is prevented and improved performance is provided by selectively finning the tubes. The tubes in the row adjacent the upstream end of the stream of coolant are finned along a section adjacent the outlet manifold. Rows progressively farther removed from the upstream end of the...