A method and apparatus is disclosed for measuring the operational use of a physical system. The apparatus includes an integrator having a reversible coulometer, including a bored tube made of transparent or translucent material with a pair of electrodes connected to each side thereof. A transparent electrolyte is positioned in the bore between two columns of an opaque electrolytically platable metal. A pair of light sensitive elements, spaced from one another, are positioned on one side of the t...

In a hearing aid having a switched amplifier, an amplifier circuit is provided so that the pulse amplitude of the switched output signal is adjusted as a function of the envelope of the audio signal to be amplified. A controllable amplifier is switched in series ahead of the switched amplifier, whereby its control by the audio signal to be amplified proceeds in such a manner that the product of the amplifications of the two amplifiers remains constant for all audio signal levels.

Techniques are described for making electronic neural networks with variable synapse strengths using the variability of transistor conductance or transconductance with gate bias and utilizing capacitors for the temporary storage of the gate bias used for control.

A switched capacitor includes two capacitors. During the charging period, the first capacitor is connected to an input potential and a first reference potential, and the second capacitor is connected to the input potential and a second reference potential. During the discharging period, those electrodes of the first and second capacitors which have been connected to the input potential are connected to a first and a second reference potential, respectively, and those which have been connected to...

A fiber optic array having a plurality of subarrays of optical sensors, the subarrays being spaced apart along and optically connected to input and output buses through associated input and output optically actuated optical switches in series in the input and output buses. First and second light signal pulse trains are applied to one and other ends of the input bus and a third light signal pulse train is applied to one end of the output bus. The input switches are sequentially responsive to each...

A laser gyro having a polarization anisotropy in the optical path includes means for adjusting the physical length of the closed loop laser cavity, for adjusting the isotropic resonant frequency of the cavity, cyclically, thereby to cyclically alternate the sustained laser oscillations between two essentially orthogonal polarization states at wavelengths which are adjusted upwardly or downwardly from the isotropic cavity resonant wavelength so that the wavelength of each sustained wave will be e...

An inductor alternator for use in marine propulsion systems has a plurality f laminated stator bars arranged axially around a solid ferromagnetic rotor. The bars are magnetically connected at one end to a ring through which the rotor extends forming a narrow annular air gap therebetween. The free end of each stator bar is provided with a projection extending radially inward toward the rotor axis. Solenoidal output coils are wound about each stator bar and a stationary d-c field coil surrounds th...

A communication system can include a network having a first network access point and a second network access point and being capable of carrying data between the first network access point and the second access point via, for example, a packet-switched bearer and a circuit-switched bearer. The communications system can also include a first terminal configured to connect to the first network access point and a second terminal configured to connect to the second network access point. Each terminal...

A switched-capacitor circuit includes a plurality of sequentially-operated switched-capacitors A first capacitor is arranged to be coupled and thereafter uncoupled to an input signal during a first time period. Thereby the first capacitor is charged to an input value in dependence on the input signal. A second capacitor is arranged to be coupled and thereafter uncoupled to the first capacitor during a second time period for charge distribution between the second and first capacitor. Pairwise cha...

A current source circuit selectively supplying at least one regulated output current. A reset pulse is provided concurrently with current source inhibit. The current source is adapted to low voltage circuits and dissipates minimal power for all modes of operation.