The present invention provides an improved process for the production of [(.+-.)-endo]-4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-4-yl)b- enzamide hydrochloride, compositions thereof, and intermediates thereto.

Ammonia, CO.sub.2 and ammonium carbamate are reacted in a reactor at elevated temperature and pressure to form urea. From 10 to 100 percent of the CO.sub.2 fresh reactor feed stream, which is substantially equivalent to the stoichiometric net amount of urea formed in the reactor, is reacted with NH.sub.3 at 10 - 670 psia to form an aqueous ammonium carbamate solution, and this solution is charged to the reactor to form urea.

Preparation of esters of carboxylic acids in improved yields in shorter reaction times by use as catalysts organic compounds and complexes of certain Group VA and VIA elements. The method optionally uses a soluble iodide for further increase in yield.

In the separation of microorganisms from fermentor growth media, a separating agent such as an alcohol, is added to the fermentor effluent to facilitate separation of the cellular material. A portion of the spent media and separating agent is recycled to the fermentor as carbon energy source therein. Further alcohol separating agent is separated from the balance of the spent media and reused for separation purposes or for use in the fermentor.

The disclosure describes the production of complex aliphatic, unsaturated and cycloalkane aldehydes utilizing heterocyclic ring compounds, such as oxazines, particularly dihydro-1,3-oxazines. The oxazines are treated with an alkali metal-alkane compound, such as butyl lithium in the presence of an organic solvent at subzero temperature to form an anion of the oxazine. This anion is then alkylated in the anhydrous reaction mixture by introduction of a suitable halide, epoxide or ketone while stil...

Hydrocarbon substituted pyrazines are prepared by the reaction of an ammonium compound having NH.sub.4 or NH.sub.2 groups with an acetylene compound having an oxygen atom linked to the acetylenic unit, the reaction being conducted in an acid medium, preferably containing formic acid or a formate.

An improved solid phase process for peptide synthesis wherein all steps of the synthesis are carried out in a solvent which produces a highly swollen state in the resin and wherein the coupling agent employed is one which forms by-products which are soluble in the solvent.

An improved process for preparing imidazoles by contacting glyoxal or methyl substituted derivatives thereof, formaldehyde, and an ammonium salt of an acid having an ionization constant greater than 1 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.3.

This invention relates to .alpha.-glucosides of steroids containing hydroxy groups in both the 16.alpha.- and 17-positions and the method for preparing them by reacting with a polysaccharide or an oligosaccharide, such as maltose, in the presence of a source of the enzyme: amylase or transglucosylase. The .alpha.-glucosides are new compounds that possess estrogenic activity. They may be used, therefore, as antifertility agents.

Novel polyiminocarbonates having molecular weights exceeding 70,000 daltons. Novel solution polymerization and interfacial polymerization processes for the preparation of polyiminocarbonates in which cyanate compounds are reacted with diphenol compounds in the presence of a strong base catalyst.