A thermal head includes a substrate, heating resistors aligned on a surface of the substrate, an electrode pattern connected to the heating resistors, a protective film that covers the heating resistors and the electrode pattern, and a conductive film that covers an upper surface of the protective film. The conductive film has an opening at least in an area above the arrangement of the heating resistors, and the surface of the protective film is exposed through the opening. An edge of the conduc...

A heating element of a thermal head has a first electrode layer formed on a glaze layer and a second electrode layer formed opposite to the first electrode layer. A first insulation layer is formed on the first electrode layer to expose both ends of the first electrode layer in a transporting direction of a recording paper. A third electrode layer is formed on the first insulation layer to expose both ends of the first insulation layer in the transporting direction, and a heating resistor layer ...

In order to adapt a thermal head for a thermal printer to a raised speed, the thickness .delta.(.mu.m) of a heat accumulating layer in the head is set at: ##EQU1## where k: temperature conductivity of the heat accumulating layer, t.sub.p : heating duration of the thermal head, and t.sub.O : printing cycle of the thermal head.

Disclosed is a thermal head comprising a protecting film composed of tantalum silicon oxynitride. An undercoat film may be formed between this protecting film and heat-generating resistors and electrodes. This protecting film is excellent in the abrasion resistance and oxygen barrier property and acts as an excellent barrier to alkali metal ions to be injected into the head from a heat-sensitive recording paper.

A thermal head of the present invention comprises a substrate (1221) consisting of a metal such as a stainless steel, insulating layers (1226, 1223), with raised portions (1225, 1224) being formed by raising up a part of the surface thereof, and exothermic resistors (1228, 1229) formed on the raised portions. Common electrodes (1222, 1227) are disposed on the substrate, which protrude from the surface of the substrate, penetrate through the raised portions and are connected to the exothermic res...

A high-voltage thermal battery capable of miniaturized construction including one or more heat-conductive and electrical-insulative casings having one or more internal passageways, a plurality of electrical battery cells stacked in the casing passageways in electrical series with each cell having alternating layers of cathode-anode electrodes and fusible electrolyte members, and means for generating heat disposed about the casing or casings.

A thermal shield consisting of a pair of walls forming an enclosed space. A heat exchange fluid is disposed in the space between the walls and is maintained at a working temperature whereby it changes in phase in response to changes in temperature along one of the walls.

A thermal switch of the type dependent on the differential longitudinal expansion of two separate elongated elements. Contact means to be operated are responsive to the angular orientation of a rocker member, and to that member the two elements are connected to determine that orientation. An appropriate means restrains the rocker member against movement in one direction transverse to the elements, and spring means maintain under tension the restraining means and both the elements. At least one e...

A thermal regenerator having a matrix of a plurality of hollow, carbon, micro-spheres which are permeable to and contain a gas such as helium; the matrix having low heat conductivity between the carbon spheres, but high heat capacity of the helium which increases as temperatures decrease from 40.degree. K. to about 9.degree. K.

A thermal actuator including a casing having an opening at one end and a chamber substantially filled with a thermally expandable medium supported within the casing. The chamber includes a neck portion defining an open-ended bore in axial registry with the opening in the casing. A piston assembly including a piston head is received within the bore and has a piston rod projecting from the bore toward the opening in the casing. A self-regulating heat generating element is disposed in thermal commu...