A system and method using a Costas loop to effect accelerated convergence with minimal system complexity. The system comprises an in-phase-limiter and a quadrature-phase limiter, operatively coupled to an EXCLUSIVE-OR gate, for exclusively-ORing an in-phase-sign signal and a quadrature-phase-sign signal to output a first error signal, responsive to the signals having same signs, or a second error signal, responsive to the signals having different signs. An AGC circuit, operatively coupled to an ...

Charged particles are entrained on a straight or curved path by a traveling magnetic field moving along that path with its magnetic flux vector transverse thereto. The general direction of entrainment is the same for particles of either polarity. The initial relative velocity between the traveling field and the particle drives the latter into motions along a quasi-cycloidal trajectory in the direction of field travel at an average particle speed nearly equal to the field velocity. Streams of cha...

A double-acting pump for food products. The pump has a metering cylinder closed by end caps defining respective pairs of inlet and outlet parts. Valve housings contain identical valves and are connected to respective manifolds. The components are maintained in sealing relationship by urging the end caps together. A locking collar and drain plate enables pump to be bodily rotated through 180.degree. without releasing clamping force, for self draining and cleansing-in-place. Pump can be dismantled...

A direct-acting pressure sensor operable in the low-pressure range and including a sub-assembly constituted by inner and outer concentrically-arranged curved springs anchored at one end in a socket to define a pressure region therebetween, within which is disposed a flexible bladder forming an internal pressure chamber communicating with the socket, the springs being joined at their free end to form a tip whose travel is indicative of the pressure of fluid applied to the sensor through said sock...

A hydraulically acting damping element includes a main chamber and a compensation chamber. Two rigid end walls and a rubber-elastic circumferential wall surround one of the chambers. An elastic, pressure-stable bellows has ends and a circumference. The bellows is disposed concentrically inside the one chamber and rigidly joined to the end walls with the main chamber inside the bellows and the compensation chamber between the bellows and the circumferential wall. An over-flow circuit is formed on...

A double-acting hydraulic piston comprises a cylinder which has a first piston disposed therein in such a manner as to divide the cylinder into first and second fluid chambers. The first piston is attached to a shaft which extends through one end of the cylinder and is reciprocable within the cylinder. The first and second fluid chambers are connected to each other by a connecting mechanism so that fluid is able to pass from the first chamber to the second chamber, and visa versa, as the first p...

A separating wall having a valve opening is disposed between a chamber holding a high pressure and a chamber holding a low pressure. The valve seat is closed by a ball acting as a valve body. For a quick opening of the valve, an actuating member imparts a lateral impact to the ball, thereby lifting the ball off the valve seat. Setting the ball back onto the valve seat is effected under the influence of the gas flow passing through the valve opening. The valve has extremely short switching times ...

An improved double acting piston pump of the type having a shaft connected to the piston for reciprocating the piston wherein the shaft extends from the pump body. The improvement of the present invention is to reciprocate the shaft with an asymmetrical uniform motion rotary cam so that the pump delivers the same constant flow rate of a liquid being pumped during both the forward and the backward movements of the pump's piston.

A double acting trigger pump on a container includes a cylinder and a piston reciprocal therein that cooperate in providing a primary pump chamber. An inlet valve regulates product being drawn into the primary pump chamber. A double piston seal is at the inner end of the piston and includes an outlet valve coaxial with a longitudinal bore in the piston. A supplemental pump chamber that also communicates with the bore is defined between outer surfaces of the piston and inner surfaces of the cylin...

A direct acting hydraulic tappet and a method for making same in which an oil groove and interior structure defining a weld interface are formed in a cup-shaped body by a rolling process, the body is heat treated, a web and hub structure is positioned against the weld interface and the resulting assembly is subjected to a localized, capacitive discharge welding process in the weld interface area. In accordance with the invention, the weld interface is formed to a specific shape to enhance the in...