An illumination apparatus in which angles and positional deviations of a laser beam on an illuminated surface can be detected by one detecting system with high accuracy. The illumination apparatus includes a light dividing unit (such as a beamsplitter) that is located between a laser source and the illuminated surface and that splits off a portion of the laser beam, a detecting unit that detects positional deviations and angular deviations of the laser beam relative to a reference axis based on ...

A heat treating apparatus comprises a process chamber within which a wafer is subjected to a heat treatment. A supporting plate for supporting the wafer is arranged within the process chamber. A process gas is supplied from above into the process chamber. A main heating means for heating the wafer is arranged below the process chamber, with a transmitting window interposed therebetween. The main heating means includes a plurality of heating sources for irradiating the supporting plate with heat ...

A scrambling apparatus has at least one of the following processing units: a signal inserting processor for inserting a dummy pattern indicating the quantization width in the compressed video data; a conversion processor for scrambling a signal specifying whether field or frame processing is used; a DCT coefficient conversion processor for scrambling a part of the code defining the DCT coefficient; an intra.sub.-- dc.sub.-- precision conversion processor for scrambling the intra.sub.-- dc.sub.--...

A charging apparatus or an electrophotographic apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive supporting member, and a charging member including magnetic particles, disposed to be in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member when a voltage is applied to the charging member. The layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member most separated...

A scramble apparatus for scrambling data including a variable length code and a descramble apparatus is for descrambling a scrambled signal, and a scramble transmission apparatus comprising the scramble apparatus and the descramble apparatus. A specific code of data is converted into a readable code having a length equal to that of an original code.

An encoding apparatus includes a quantized spectral sequence generation section for generating a quantized spectral sequence by quantizing an audio signal with a predetermined quantization precision, and a circulating code vector quantization section for outputting a spectral sequence code containing circulating position identification information indicating how much a reference spectral sequence is circulated to obtain a circulant quantized spectral sequence which is most similar to the quantiz...

A winding apparatus adaptable to longer films with minimum design changes in existing apparatus has a winding shaft 31 on which a reel member 50 capable of winding a given film at multiple stages can be mounted. The winding shaft 31 can be moved in the rotational and axial directions of the reel member 50. The winding apparatus 10 further has a driving mechanism 40 for giving power in the rotational and axial directions to the winding shaft 31.

A stage apparatus comprising includes a stage that is movable in a direction, a multiphase actuator for generating a driving force when the stage is accelerated and decelerated in the direction, and a single-phase actuator for generating a driving force in the direction when the stage moves at a constant speed.

A recording apparatus includes a detector for detecting a video attribute, a detector for detecting an audio attribute, and an address information generator for generating specific address information which indicates a data write address at the time when the video attribute of the audio attribute changes, on the basis of the outputs from the detectors. The specific address information is written in a recording area of an optical disk, which area corresponds to VMGI constituting management inform...

A magnet device includes two sets of static magnetic field generation sources spaced from each other in the vertical direction such that the uniform magnetic field region (patient space) is between then. Each set has concentric current carrying coils to generate a uniform magnetic field in a first direction (the vertical direction). Several such coils are used in each set, disposed such that when a first axis which is parallel to the first (vertical) direction and passes substantially through th...