An electrochemical cell for detecting and measuring an oxidisable or reducible substance in a fluid in which cell the background current is substantially compensated by providing in the cell first and second working electrodes and a counter electrode all in contact with an electrolyte, the first working electrode also being exposed to the fluid, the current through the first working electrode being measured, and the current through the second working electrode which includes the background curre...

A multi-bipolar electrode type of electrochemical cell which is adapted for operation with flowing electrolyte, comprises a plurality of bipolar electrode units, which can be, for example, rods, such as hollow rods, preferably horizontal, in vertical column, or groups of bipolar electrode units, which can be of geometrical shape, such as cylinders or rings, such as Lessing rings, arranged in horizontal layers one below the other separated by openwork, electrically insulating, spacers, such as ny...

A method of making an electrochemical cell comprises loading into a cathode compartment of a cell housing comprising an anode compartment separated from a cathode compartment by a separator which is a solid conductor of ions of alkali metal M or is a micromolecular sieve which contains alkali metal M sorbed therein, an alkali metal aluminium halide molten salt electrolyte having the formula MAlHal.sub.4 wherein M is the alkali metal of the separator and Hal is a halide; an alkali metal halide MH...

A liquid sampling cell for use in examining liquids with visible or invisible light wherein the actual cell has an inlet pipe feeding liquid to the bottom of the cell and a drain pipe from the bottom of the cell. The top of the cell is connected to a suction pipe and the inlet and suction pipe are connected above the level of the cell by a bypass.

Cells such as mammalian cells are cultivated on a bed of a solid material whose surface is formed of a specific polymer or copolymer of an amino acid, i.e. a poly(methionine) or a copolymer of .gamma.-benzyl glutamate.

A lithium cell comprising a negative electrode containing lithium, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the positive and negative electrodes is improved in internal resistance and shelf life when the negative electrode is surface treated with water, lithium hydroxide, a PF.sub.6 ion-containing compound, or an AsF.sub.6 ion-containing compound.

A galvanic cell is described which is capable of implantation in living tissue. The cell is essentially a metal/oxygen cell and is covered with or encapsulated in a layer of material in the form of an oxygen permeable membrane, the anode and cathode components being separated by a barrier which is relatively impermeable to oxygen and not permeable to larger molecules, such as oxides of the metal, while allowing hydroxyl ions to diffuse through it.

A process for the electrodeposition of metal onto the particles of a fluidised bed cathode is of particular use in the electro-winning of metals. Agglomeration of particles is substantially avoided by the elimination of sharp corners within the portion of the cell where there is electrodeposition and by the removal of particles from the fluidised bed cathode before they reach a size where they tend to lodge adjacent structural surfaces within the cathode compartment. Flow of electrolyte into the...

An alkaline cell in which a resin composition comprising a halogenated butyl rubber having styrenic resins and phenolic resins blended therein is used as an insulating gasket interposed between a metal case containing electricity-generating elements therein and a metal sealing plate sealing the open end of said metal case, whereby the leakage of an alkaline electrolyte solution to the outside of the case is effectively prevented.

In a sodium-sulphur battery cell, an extended surface area current collector is sandwiched between portions of solid electrolyte, also of extended surface area, which provide between them a space for the liquid sulphur. The spacing between the current collector and each of the portions does not exceed the maximum distance that the sodium ions can diffuse in the liquid sulphur during a specified recharge time. A plurality of portions defining a plurality of spaces for the liquid sulphur may be pr...