Photovoltaic devices are fabricated by forming a thin passivating layer, for example, an oxide layer on a semiconductor material. The passivating layer on the semiconductor material is then contacted with an electrolyte such as an electrolyte containing vanadium ions. The resulting electrolyte/passivating layer/semiconductor (EPLS) structure exhibits excellent solar conversion efficiencies and good stability.

To solve pollution problems in electrolytic cells for the production of zinc by electrolyzing a solution of a zinc salt, shielding baffles are provided above the cell anodes, the gap between adjoining baffles being such as to provide a satisfactory tight seal while permitting the evacuation of noxious gases and mists through manifolds formed through the cell walls.

Red blood cells being salvaged are centrifuged into a liquid layer, mixed with a wash solution, and thereafter separated therefrom.

A process and medium are disclosed for the lyophilization of cells which comprises the use of solutions including monosaccharide hexoses and pentoses, and/or biocompatible amphipathic polymers to permit the reconstitution of viable cells.

A lithium cell comprising a negative electrode containing lithium, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the positive and negative electrodes is improved in internal resistance and shelf life when the negative electrode is surface treated with a composition containing from more than 1% to 5% by weight of water.

A laterally compressed envelope of solid electrolyte material is provided for use as an electrode holder in an electrochemical cell. It has two opposed major faces sealed together along at least part of the periphery of the envelope, each major face being provided by a sheet of said solid electrolyte material. Each sheet is provided on its inner surface with a plurality of ribs or corrugations extending alongside one another, each rib or corrugation of each said sheet crossing over a plurality o...

A photovoltaic cell comprising a light transmitting electrically conductive layer deposited on a glass plate or a transparent polymer sheet to which a series of titanium dioxide layers have been applied, in which at leash the last titanium dioxide layer (optionally also the second to last and third to last layer) are doped with a metal ion which is selected from a divalent or trivalent metal.

Electrolyte matrix structures for molten carbonate fuel cells which: have a fine, uniform, and controlled porosity; are stable under operating conditions; and readily meet acceptable performance levels. These structures or matrices are easily manufactured by a simple and scalable technique from a slip containing particulate LiAlO.sub.2 dispersed in an organic vehicle and an acrylic-based binder. The solvent is evaporated, leaving a flat, flexible, green structure. The green-structure is heated i...

A solar cell comprising a plurality of photovoltaic elements electrically serially connected with each other on a common conductive substrate, each of said photovoltaic elements comprising a first insulating layer, a first electrode layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode layer laminated in this order on the common conductive substrate, and each pair of the adjacent photovoltaic elements being electrically serially connected by electrically connecting the first electrode layer of on...

An electric storage cell, of gas-tight type, has flat rectangular positive and negative plates intercalated with one another in a cylindrical (or part-cylindrical) gas-tight casing, in parallel planes parallel to the axis. The outer plates are narrower than the middle ones (in a direction perpendicular to the axis) so that their edges are stepped to roughly follow the cylindical shape of the casing, and are of pocket type with the active perforated area extending substantially to their edges, so...