A gate circuit employing insulated gate field effect transistors of complementary types includes a logic circuit such as an inverter, a NAND or a NOR circuit which is connected to an inverter circuit. Bias means are connected to the logic circuit through a first switching means and to the inverter circuit through a second switching means. A common clock signal is used to switch both the first and second switching means.

A limiting circuit comprises an operational amplifier that reverse biases a limiting diode connected to a load when a signal potential applied to the load through a dropping resistor is less than a reference potential, and forward biases the limiting diode when the applied signal potential is greater than the reference potential, thus preventing the potential applied to the load from exceeding the reference potential.

When using a switching device (such as a transistor) to sample a voltage, the device introduces an error voltage in the derived sample. In the present disclosure, a second switching device is used to produce a voltage which compensates for the error introduced by the first device.

In an electrophotographic copying machine which copies in different magnification modes onto copy paper of appropriate width, a counter circuit is provided for indicating the area of sheet material fed past a sensing device. A further counter circuit provides a weighted sum of paper lengths.

A switching circuit connected between a power supply and a load such as a trapatt diode amplifier. The amplifying element is protected from destruction, in the event that the amplifier should break into oscillation. Two serially connected monostable multivibrators control the conduction state of a transistor whose collectoremitter conduction path is in series with the amplifier, thereby limiting the peak, steady-state and average power that the power supply can deliver.

A circuit breaker and method for avoiding the creation of high surge voltages during interruption or completion of a high voltage circuit by gradually reducing the current to a value of zero or near zero when interruption occurs and gradually increasing the current from zero to the full value of the current in the electric circuit during the closing operation.

An analog voltage sampling circuit is disclosed which provides DC isolation between its input and output terminals and, furthermore, does not require any DC energizing source. The circuit takes the form of a transistor-transformer combination which utilizes strobing clock pulses as the basic source of energy to produce output sample pulses.

A memory circuit is disclosed in which a first capacitor is connected in parallel between the gate and common electrodes of an insulated gate field effect transistor, the gate electrode thereof is connected through a first switching element to one end of a second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the common electrode of the insulated gate field effect transistor, a second switching element is connected in series between the connection point of the first switching e...

A feedback circuit for feeding back the output voltage of a comparing amplifier to the input circuit of the comparing amplifier for causing a steep change in the output voltage so as to stabilize the operation of the succeeding circuit. The feedback circuit includes means for applying the feedback voltage to a low potential portion of the input circuit of the comparing amplifier.

A rectifier includes a plurality of parallel regeneratively coupled transistor circuits to handle large currents with improved efficiency. Each circuit transistor is coupled to the load through a transformer primary winding. The circuit transformer secondary winding is coupled to the base of the succeeding circuit transistor and the transformer secondary winding of the last of the parallel circuits is coupled to the base of the first circuit transistor. All the transistor circuits are regenerati...