A method of concentrating proteins from whole blood comprising exposing whole blood to covalently crosslinked hydrogel to remove water from the blood into the hydrogel to thereby concentrate the proteins in the whole blood. The hydrogel may absorb, for example, 50% or 90% of the water from the blood while excluding proteins with a weight of more than about 15,000 Daltons. In some embodiment, the hydrogels are dry, sterile, and spherical.

The present invention relates a gas concentration detecting apparatus capable of appropriately making a decision on activation of each of a pump cell, a monitor cell and a sensor cell of its gas concentration sensor. In the apparatus, a control circuit outputs an oxygen concentration value on the basis of a current flowing when a voltage is applied to the pump cell and outputs an NOx concentration value on the basis of a current flowing at the voltage application to the sensor cell. Moreover, th...

A process is provided for measuring a gas concentration with at least one thermal measuring element. The thermal measuring element is operated by pulses. A measured value of the gas concentration in the environment of the measuring element is obtained from the evaluation of the response of the measuring element to at least one single pulse by determining transient states of the thermal measuring element. From this the measured value of the gas concentration in the environment of the measuring el...

In a detector to measure the oxygen concentration of a gaseous mixture such as automobile exhaust gas by using the principle of an oxygen concentration cell made of an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte body with electrodes mounted on opposite surfaces thereof, the inventive detector and the method use AC voltage electrode means provided on the solid electrolyte body to apply an AC voltage thereof for heating the detector.

There are provided a sample cell containing a solution containing an optically active substance between a polarizer and an analyzer of a Nicol system, a first photoelectric detector disposed to receive the light activated in accordance with the concentration of the optically active substance, a second photoelectric detector disposed to receive the light transmitted through the solution independently of the optical activity, and means for determining the ratio of the outputs of the first and seco...

A process for concentrating wet-process phosphoric acid by passing an alternating current between non-reactive, e.g. graphite, electrodes through an aqueous solution of wet-process phosphoric acid at an electrode surface current density in the range of about 5 to about 20 amperes per square inch, preferably about 7 to 15 amperes per square inch.

A concentration difference cell adapted for use with spectrophotometer apparatus producing a light beam, the cell comprises: A. first and second chambers including windows located to pass the beam transmitted successively through the chambers, B. said chambers having associated beam path dimensions, the beam path dimension of the first chamber being adapted to increase while the beam path dimension of the second chamber decreases and in response to movement of at least one window, whereby the vo...

A system of apparatus is disclosed which concentrates coffee extracts by freeze concentration in which the ice formed in a crystallizer is centrifuged from coffee extract and then is washed in the centrifuge and melted. The washings and melted ice contain dissolved coffee which is recovered.

An apparatus and method for determining particle or aerosol mass concentration distribution using a particle sensing element, as a piezoelectric crystal, for collecting particles to increase the mass of the element. The particles are force deposited on the sensing element. The amount of force is sequentially changed to alter the critical particle size deposited on the sensing element. The mass of the particles accumulated on the sensing element during each force period provides information of th...

In the embodiments of the invention described herein, a liquid such as gelatin or an egg constituent having heat degradation or fouling tendencies is concentrated by passing it through a plate-type heater while maintaining sufficient pressure to prevent boiling and keeping the temperature of the liquid below the temperature at which the liquid thermally degrades or tends to foul the heating surfaces. The heated liquid is thereafter passed through an unheated portion of the plate heater at reduce...