A control apparatus is provided for eliminating a step in a control input before and after switching between control processing based on one modulation algorithm selected from a .DELTA. modulation algorithm, a .DELTA..SIGMA. modulation algorithm, and a .SIGMA..DELTA. modulation algorithm and control processing based on a response specified control algorithm to avoid a sudden change in the output of a controlled object in the event of the switching. The control apparatus comprises an ECU for calc...

In a control system in which a control device and an information processing device are connected to each other with a predetermined data bus, a control system, a control device, and a control method in which the control device can omits many processing procedures are proposed. A control device stores corresponding definite information corresponding to definite information stored in the information processing device and defining functions of the information processing device. The control device a...

A control apparatus which is capable of compensating for a control error properly and quickly even under a condition where the control error is temporarily increased e.g. by degradation of reliability of the detection results of reference parameters other than controlled variables, thereby making it possible to ensure a high accuracy of control. An air-fuel ratio controller of the control apparatus calculates an air-fuel ratio error estimated value and an error weight, calculates an modified err...

A control apparatus which is capable of compensating for a control error properly and quickly even under a condition where the control error is temporarily increased e.g. by degradation of reliability of the detection results of reference parameters other than controlled variables, thereby making it possible to ensure a high accuracy of control. An air-fuel ratio controller of the control apparatus calculates modified errors by multiplying e.g. an air-fuel ratio error estimated value by link wei...

A first buttery supplies power to an electrical load of a vehicle when an engine is in a normal operation. A second buttery supplies power to the electrical load of the vehicle when the engine is in an economical operation. A voltage regulator regulates voltages of the first buttery and the second buttery. A current limiter limits a current value flowing from the voltage regulator to the second battery to a limiting value. An engine stopping unit stops the engine when a first predetermined condi...

A control apparatus, a control method, and an engine control unit are provided for controlling an output of a controlled object which has a relatively large response delay and/or dead time to rapidly and accurately converge to a target value. When the output of the controlled object is chosen to be that of an air/fuel ratio sensor in an internal combustion engine, the output of the air/fuel ratio sensor can be controlled to rapidly and accurately converge to a target value even in an extremely l...

A control apparatus is provided for eliminating a slippage in control timing between the input/output of a controlled object, even when the control object exhibits a relatively large dynamic characteristic such as a phase delay, a dead time, or the like, to improve the stability and the controllability of the control. The control apparatus comprises a state predictor for calculating a predicted value of a value indicative of an output of a controlled object based on a prediction algorithm, and a...

A memory control chip, control method and control circuit. Instead of accessing a plurality of memory modules in a memory bank by referencing the same clocking signal, each memory module references a clocking signal having the same frequency but a slightly different preset phase so that the data within each memory module is accessed at a slightly different time. Ultimately, simultaneous switch output noise is greatly reduced and fewer power/ground pins are required in a package.

A fabricated control rod having a spacer with a "C" or "U-shaped" channel cross-section. The spacer also has a bushing tube welded to each of its ends. Each end of the spacer is shaped to have a substantially continuous mating engagement with the exterior side surface of the adjacent bushing tube. Also, at least a substantially complete perimeter weld joins both the interior and exterior of each shaped end to the bushing tube.

A ride control system adapted for use in a fluid system of a machine to cushion the ride of the machine, the machine having a frame with an actuator arrangement disposed between the frame and a load to raise the load relative to the frame, the actuator arrangement having a raise port and being operative in a raise mode to raise the load to a desired height in response to pressurized fluid being directed to the raise port from a source of the pressurized fluid, the ride control system including a...