A method and apparatus for preparing a cardioplegia mixture is provided which allows an increased level of control over the flow rate, dilution ration and concentration of cardioplegia inducing components in cardioplegia mixture during cardiovascular surgery. The method for preparing the cardioplegia mixture includes the steps of combining first and second crystalloid solutions of different concentrations to establish a total volume flow rate of combined solutions. The flow rate of the first cry...

An LED backlighting system including: a control circuit; a power source; at least one LED string associated with the power source, the at least one LED string being arranged to be switchably connected to alternatively draw an illumination current from the power source and not draw an illumination current from the power source; and a controlled bleeder arranged to draw a bleed current from the power source responsive to the control circuit; the control circuit being operative to draw the bleed cu...

A voltage-controlled oscillator is provided that avoids use of any crystal resonator, or any resonator that is external to and not integrated upon the voltage-controlled oscillator monolithic substrate. The present oscillator can receive two or more parameters that would likely have an affect on the oscillator frequency, yet the oscillator includes compensating transfer functions that will remove, or correct for, that effect. Transfer functions involve electronic subsystems implemented in hardwa...

An electronically-controlled throttle body includes a throttle valve having a valve disc, fixed on a valve shaft rotatably supported in a body inside which an air-intake passage is formed, for varying an opening area of the air-intake passage; a reduction gear mechanism connected to the valve shaft of the throttle valve; and a motor connected to the reduction gear mechanism; rotational drive power from the motor is transmitted to the valve shaft via the reduction gear mechanism, and the opening ...

A silicon controlled rectifier structure of polygonal layouts is provided. The polygonal first conductive type doped region is located in the middle of the polygonal second conductive type well. The first conductive type well shaped as a polygonal ring surrounds the second conductive type well and the second conductive type doped region is located within the first conductive type well and shaped as a polygonal ring concentric to the first conductive type well.

A silicon controlled rectifier structure with the symmetrical layout is provided. The N-type doped regions and the P-type doped regions are disposed with the N-well and symmetrically arranged relative to the isolation structure in-between, while the P-type buried layer is located under the N-type doped regions and the P-type doped regions and fully isolates the N-type doped regions from the N-well.

A viscous material processing system comprises a feed system controller having a set of instructions to store an input set point weight or amount; sense a progressing weight or amount of material fed by the feed system; compare the progressing weight with the set point weight or amount and terminate feed from the system when the compared progressing weight is substantially equal to the set point weight or amount; and a viscous material compounding system connected to the feed system to receive m...

A system for controlling an electric motor comprises, in one embodiment, an encoder; a central processor in communication with said encoder; a module processor in communication with said central processor; feedback circuitry in communication with said module processor, wherein said encoder is an electronic device that provides rotor and stator positional information to said central processor, and further comprising a user interface in communication with said central processor, wherein said user ...

An optically controlled microfluidic chip is provided for administering a fluid to a neuronal site. The chip is made of at least one unit or pixel, each of which constitutively emits fluid in the dark, and reduces emission of fluid in response to light. The individual pixels are capable of being individually controlled, thereby translating a spatial pattern of incident light into a spatial pattern of neuronal stimulation. Each pixel contains a housing, an aperture in the housing, and a reservoir...

A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) includes: an oscillation unit, for generating an oscillation signal according to a biasing current; a current mirror, for providing the biasing current, the current mirror comprising: at least one first transistor, coupled between a first voltage level and a current source; at least one second transistor, coupled to the first voltage level, a gate of the second transistor is coupled to a gate of the first transistor and the current source; a switch module, c...