An oven 2 comprises a number of chamber walls (6, 8, 10, 12, 14) defining a cooking chamber 4, heating means 20 for heating food within the cooking chamber 4, at least one opening 22, 24 in at least one of the chamber walls, fan means 26, 28 for driving air out of the cooking chamber 4 through said opening 22, 24, a grease filter 34, 36 located downstream of said opening 22, 24, and a catalytic converter 38, 40 located downstream of said grease filter 34, 36 and within 20 centimeters of said gre...

A signal convertor comprising a pulse modulator. and means for modifying the signal input thereto in dependence upon the error in previous values or the output thereof, to reduce the effects of said error within a desired signal band.

A fail-safe, precision current-to-pressure converter for providing a regulated pneumatic output pressure proportional to an electrical control current includes a main valve member for regulating the pneumatic output pressure, operation of the valve member being controlled by the pressure of control fluid contained in a chamber. The control fluid pressure is controlled by admitting control fluid into the chamber via a continuously pulsed, electromagnetically actuated on/off reed valve and simulta...

A layout structure of catalytic converters, used for an engine transversely arranged in an engine room formed in a front portion of a vehicle, includes a front catalytic converter connected to an exhaust manifold arranged in a forward direction of the vehicle with respect to the engine, and a rear catalytic converter connected to an exhaust manifold arranged in a backward direction of said vehicle, wherein the rear catalytic converter is arranged to be offset from a central position of the engin...

A data stream is converted from a synchronous transfer mode (STM) to an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) by extracting data of a number of payload signals from the data stream, writing data of the payload signal into a random access memory (RAM), separately recording address locations of the data of each of the payload signals in separate buffers, directing the RAM to separately read the data of the payload signals, and attaching a cell header to the data read from the RAM to form ATM cells.

One disclosed embodiment of the improved digital to analog converters in accordance with the invention comprises means for producing a first series of pulses whose average value is representative of a first group of the bits of an applied digital signal; means for producing a second series of pulses whose average value exceeds that of the first series of pulses by a preselected fixed amount; means for filtering the first and second series of pulses; and means for alternately applying the filtere...

An hydraulic pressure converter comprises a differential piston which works in a stepped bore in a housing. A pressure space is defined in the housing at the end of a portion of the piston which is of smaller area so that reciprocation of the piston in the bore causes hydraulic fluid to be drawn into the pressure space through a first one-way valve and then pumped to an outlet through a second one-way valve. Reciprocation of the piston is accomplished by subjecting the piston to pressure from a ...

An optical frequency converter and method of making same is disclosed. The converter includes a nonlinear optical support having a homogeneous periodically domain reversed portion and an optical waveguide which traverses the surface of the support. At least a segment of the waveguide intersects the homogeneous periodically domain reversed portion of the support to achieve a quasi phase-matched nonlinear optical frequency conversion interaction. The domain reversed portion is selected to be compo...

A device for controlling a plurality of parallel connected converters which includes a reference circuit for controlling the converters, a frequency divider having a number of outputs corresponding to a number of the converters, and a plurality of ring counter circuits for driving the converters in response to the output of the frequency divider. Interlocking signals are supplied among the ring counter circuits such that the ring counter circuits recover when a noise signal is applied.

A p.c.m. encoder comprises a high accuracy linear A/D converter followed by a digital high pass filter, a d.c. offset circuit and a digital compressor. The high pass filter removes any d.c. offset from the encoded signal and the offset circuit then reintroduces a controlled amount of d.c. offset. By this means the performance can be improved especially in regard to idle noise and crosstalk enhancement.