A full-bridge zero-voltage-switching pulse-width-modulated converter employs a saturable reactor in place of the linear inductor in order to reduce current stress on the active switches, reduce voltage stress on the rectifier diodes, and reduce secondary parasitic ringing. The zero-current-switching full-bridge pulse-width-modulated converter embodiment of the invention contemplates the provision of active switches that are zero-current-switched and passive switches, such as diode switches, that...

Solar cells with different bandgaps are stacked to form a multijunction photovoltaic converter with a high conversion efficiency. By stacking the cells mechanically rather than by growing them all at one time, the most convenient combination of materials may be selected for the cells. The stacking is completed by means of a glass sealing layer with moats containing inter-cell contacts which are bonded to the cells.

In a switching dc-to-dc converter an output current substantially free of pulsations is provided by summing a flyback current and transformed current response to the current used to build up the electromagnetic field that stores the energy for flyback.

A television standards converter comprises three field stores and four 4-line stores for receiving an input digital television signal of one standard and deriving therefrom arrays of sixteen lines, each array consisting of four successive lines from each of four successive fields of the input television signal, a weighting coefficient store for storing sets of sixteen weighting coefficients, respective sets corresponding to positions both spatial and temporal of respective lines of an output dig...

A television standards converter comprises a motion analyzer for analyzing the motion between consecutive fields of an input television signal of one television standard, and an interpolator operative to align the fields pixel by pixel in dependence on the analyzed motion so as effectively to represent static pictures, and to effect conversion using said static pictures to derive the required output television signal of a different television standard. A slow motion processor using basically the...

A subranging analogue to digital converter comprising a first analogue to digital converter for receiving an analogue input signal to be converted, a digital to analogue converter the input of which is coupled in series to the output of the first analogue to digital converter and a second analogue to digital converter the input of which is coupled in series to the output of the digital to analogue converter. The improvement lies in the provision of a circuit arrangement, in parallel with the fir...

A radial ammonia converter system including first and second heat interchangers and first, second and third catalyst beds. The synthesis gas is heated in said first and second interchangers by catalyst bed effluent prior to full flow through each of the catalyst beds. In one embodiment, two of the catalyst beds are mounted with the first and second interchangers in one vessel; and in another embodiment, the first interchanger and second catalyst bed are mounted in one vessel and the second inter...

A magnetic amplifier which has a main winding and at least one secondary reset winding, and a core composed of amorphous magnetic material, the amplifier being arranged to operate at a frequency greater than 20 KH.sub.z. The invention also includes a switch mode converter which includes such a magnetic amplifier arranged to regulate the output of the converter by pulse width modulation.

DC-to-dc switching converters that deliver non-pulsating output current use a conventional transformer and a flyback transformer with primary windings recurrently connected in series to the primary d-c energy source and with secondary windings alternately connected to the output load.

A load control for a system comprised of a plurality of energy converters wherein the energy output of all converters is adjusted in parallel to maintain the total rate of energy output from the system equal to demand and wherein during steady-state conditions the rate of energy conversion for that converter having the lowest incremental cost is increased and simultaneously the rate of energy conversion for that converter having the highest incremental cost is decreased a like amount.