A transducer capable of measuring force or fluid pressure comprises one or more plate-like crystals; electrical means for exciting each crystal into resonance; a base upon which sits a first seating which supports the lower edge of said one crystal; a second seating disposed at the upper edge of the crystal so as to secure the crystal in a position perpendicular to said base; each seating comprising cylindrical or semi-cylindrical surfaces the cylindrical faces of which, are arranged to bear on ...

Homogeneous crystals are grown from a multicomponent melt double crucible assembly with an injector which affords improved flow of melt from the outer to the inner crucible. Guide rods are provided external to the outer crucible and locate the inner crucible with reduced probability of sticking. Means are also provided for withdrawing the inner crucible after crystal growth is complete as is a method of removing trapped gas from the apparatus prior to crystal growth.

In an apparatus for the production of single crystals (103) by the Czochralski melt drawing method, a gripping device (125a, 125b) is provided, by means of which the crystal (103) is held during the growing process by a pressure which is exerted radially on its lateral surface and which exceeds the frictional resistance, as a result of which the weight of the growing crystal is completely supported. The gripping device (125a, 125b) has at least two holding devices (128a, 128b) arranged opposite ...

A crystal-controlled oscillator located within an (inner) oven is maintained at a temperature such that the crystal resonates at the desired frequency. The temperature controller for the oven and the oven are located within a second (outer) oven maintained at a constant temperature by a second temperature controller. In order to correct for any temperature variations in the heat path within the outer oven such that the inner oven is not at the desired temperature, a rod extending from outside th...

An improved piezoelectric crystal assembly, for minimizing the space required by and the cost of manufacturing piezoelectric units employing circular disc-type crystal elements having plated or otherwise deposited electride and contact structures thereon, is provided by housing the crystal element within an annular insulting frame having a cupped conductive member fitted upon each open end thereof, with each such member having a series of integral tabs angularly extending toward the other member...

A circuit for producing amplitude modulated waves has a tuning circuit which is connected to the output of a crystal oscillator and which contains a voltage variable capacitance load, such as a semiconductor diode. The capacitance of the load is varied in response to a modulating signal to vary the impedance of the tuning circuit and thereby modulate the output signal of the oscillator.

A quartz crystal watch comprising a quartz crystal oscillator for generating relatively high frequency signals, a frequency divider circuit for reducing and converting the frequency of the oscillated signals from said oscillator to predetermined frequencies of clock pulse, a pulse width converter for reducing the pulse width of output pulse signals from said frequency divider circuit, a motion transducer for converting the amplified output signals from the amplifier pulse width converter to the ...

A voltage-controlled crystal oscillator circuit for use in various kinds of electronic apparatus is shown. The preferred embodiment consists of voltage sensitive capacitor, as a varactor, in circuit with a crystal and a compensating tuned circuit, the latter being adjustable as desired to eliminate the effects of nonlinearity in the impedance characteristics of the crystal and the varactor as the voltage across the varactor is varied.

An electro-optical display device employing a cell comprising a nematic liquid between two glass plates whose inner surfaces have been coated with transparent electrodes. Such coated electrodes are rubbed with a cloth or filter paper so that the liquid crystal film becomes oriented along the direction of rubbing. Such film will be homogeneous and strongly birefringent so that when an electric field is applied to the electrodes of the cell and the latter is viewed between crossed polarizers, a ma...

A color display system capable of producing essentially all the colors of the visible spectrum comprises three cells each including a solution consisting of a pleochroic dye in a nematic liquid crystal composition. Each of the solutions can change its transmission of polarized white light in response to an electric field so as to change the color appearance of the solution. One solution of the system can change in appearance from color less to magenta, another from colorless to cyan, and a third...