It has been known that metals of groups IV-B, V-B, and VI-B of the periodic table, namely chromium, hafnium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and zirconium and alloys thereof can be electrodeposited as dense, structurally coherent plates from a solution of the refractory metal flouride in a molten alkali-fluoride mixture in which the concentration of oxygen is reduced to and maintained at a sufficiently low level. It is shown that niobium may be plated at a lower temp...

An improved electrode, useful as an anode for the electrolysis of brines comprises an electrically conductive substrate having adhered thereto and extending over at least a portion of the surface thereof, a coating of mixed oxides comprising about 10 to about 80 mole percent indium oxide and about 10 to about 90 mole percent of a platinum group metal oxide. Up to about 20 mole percent of tin oxide may be incorporated in the coating to lower the electrical resistivity thereof.

An electrolytic cell for generating chlorine by decomposing brine has a housing defining therein closed anode and cathode chambers disposed side by side and communicating with each other through a vertical semi-permeable diaphragm. The anode and the cathode are spaced both horizontally and vertically with the anode either at the higher or the lower level and also at a higher or a lower level than the diaphragm.

Sodium chloride in aqueous solution is converted to hypochlorite and chlorate by electrolysis in groups of cells whose electrodes are connected to a DC source in series circuit while the electrolyte is pumped through the cells in parallel flow between a distribution manifold and a collecting manifold connected to the cells by glass pipes. The manifold system consists of flangedly connected titanium pipes protected against electrolytic corrosion by electrical insulation between the sections and a...

In the electrolytic refining of silver that contains a significant amount of copper, the electrolyte is withdrawn from the refining cell, preferably continuously but alternatively at intervals, and is contacted with an immiscible liquid phase containing a selective complexing agent for cupric ions. The liquid phase carries away at least some copper from the electrolyte without the need to remove the silver first. The treated electrolyte, depleted of copper, is re-usable and is normally returned ...

An a.c. induction motor for use with a pump of a pool filtration system, the motor comprising a rotor and a stator, the stator (45) having at least two windings including a primary stator winding (46) and a secondary winding (50) magnetically coupled to the primary stator winding, whereby when the motor operates, a stepped down a.c. voltage is induced into the secondary winding. A pool filtration and chlorination system comprising an electrolytic chlorinating cell (10) arranged to be positioned ...

Design improvements in constructing electrolytic cell receptacles for electrowinning and electrorefining of nonferrous metals are disclosed, along with a novel mold and molding method. Also disclosed arc formulations for three-layered polymer composite materials and surface scaling coatings, which are used in monolithic formation of receptacles or containers of electrolytic cells.

The present invention relates to a retrofitted electrolytic cell and a method for retrofitting an electrolytic cell comprising an anode and a cathode compartment, a separator partitioning the compartments, said cathode compartment comprising a hydrogen evolving cathode. The method comprises making at least one substantially horizontal slit in the hydrogen evolving cathode resulting in plural cathode members, bending the edge of at least one cathode member at the slit away from the separator, arr...

An electrolysis system to be used in a salt-water application at a predetermined depth. The electrolysis system comprises two cylindrical tanks that are connected by an ionic bridge. Enclosed within each tank are turbine assemblies attached to a generator by a shaft. An anode coil is secured to one tank near the bottom and a cathode coil is secured to the other tank near its bottom. Electricity is supplied from an external source to power said anode and cathode coils. Once electrolysis starts to...

An electrolytic capacitor including a positive foil, a negative foil and an intervening separator which contains a polymeric electrolyte composite. The polymeric electrolyte composite contains electrolyte in the matrix of copolymeric acrylic ester. The separator contains at least either one of rayon fiber and cotton linter. Or, other separator takes the form of several overlaid sheets, each of the sheet being made of a cellulose fiber. The above-configured electrolytic capacitors have the advant...