An electrostatic precipitator includes an upright hollow body having a lower smoke inlet and an upper smoke outlet, with a pair of spaced horizontal partitions formed in the hollow body between the inlet and outlet. A set of parallel ducts extends vertically between the partitions, and a pair of distributor frames is arranged in the hollow body, with one of the distributor frames disposed over the ducts and the other of the distributor frames disposed under the ducts. Between the distributor fra...

In an electrostatic atomizing hairdryer, electrostatically atomized mist generated in an electrostatic atomizing unit is effectively scattered into airflow emitted from a main body of the hairdryer so that the mist can be sprayed to hair uniformly and a time necessary for treatment of hair can be shortened. A tank constituting the electrostatic atomizing unit is detachably provided on a portion in the vicinity of an outer periphery of the main body, and an electrode unit for generating the mist ...

The apparatus and method provide a technique for more simply measuring alpha and/or beta emissions arising from items or locations. The technique uses indirect monitoring of the emissions by detecting ions generated by the emissions, the ions being attracted electrostatically to electrodes for discharge of collection. The apparatus and method employ a chamber which is sealed around the item or location during monitoring with no air being drawn into or expelled from the chamber during the monitor...

An electrostatic chuck includes a substrate, inner electrode and outer electrodes each made of a metal and concentrically buried in the substrate. A plurality of embossed portions are formed on a main plane of the substrate. A projecting portion is made of the same material as that of said plurality of the embossed portions and is formed on substantially an entire outer peripheral portion on the main plane of the substrate on which the embossed portions are formed. When positive and negative pot...

An electrostatic chuck for holding a substrate, including an electrode block which serves as an electrode for electrostatic attraction and a plurality of electrostatic attraction arranged on a surface of the electrode block. The electrostatic attraction members are disposed so as to attract the substrate electrostatically and to come in contact with the substrate. An insulating material covers the surface of the electrode block other than attraction surfaces of the electrostatic attraction membe...

An electrostatic actuator includes liquid in the gap between elements of an electrostatic actuator. Preferred liquids have a high dielectric constant, which amplifies the electrostatic force induced between the elements by a voltage across the elements, thereby increasing the strength of the actuator and enabling the actuator to be used in a variety of applications. In addition, the liquid avoids contact between the elements that might otherwise occur during use. This helps prevent arcing betwee...

An electrostatic transducer with a tubular housing in which a planar transducer membrane is arranged, whereby the transducer membrane is arranged at an angle other than 0.degree. to the cross-section of the housing. Due to the angular arrangement of the transducer membrane to the cross-section of the housing, the transducer membrane is arranged to the ear drum in an anti-parallel fashion, which results in a minimization of the resonances inside the ear passage. Apart from that the angular arrang...

In an electrostatic sprayer, a pulsating voltage developed using a battery or a generator as a power supply is stepped up using a step-up transformer. A resultant high-voltage pulse is rectified and applied to an electrostatic electrode. A spray jetted from a spray nozzle is thus electrified. Herein, the step-up transformer is located near the spray nozzle. Owing to this structure, a high voltage produced by the step-up transformer can be applied to the electrostatic electrode with a loss minimi...

A deposition material for an electrostatic deposition apparatus such as an ink for an electrostatic ink jet printer, the material comprising a carrier liquid having insulative properties, a charging agent which is soluble in the carrier liquid, and a charge augmenting additive which is soluble in the carrier liquid. The charge augmenting additives are carrier soluble materials that assist in the dissociation of the charging agent. Generally it is found that they are materials which contain nitro...

An electrostatic chuck 12 for a plasma reactor apparatus 10 comprises a base metallic section 23, a pair of electrodes 24 set in bonding material 27 and electrically insulated from the base by a plate 29 and a thick dielectric layer 20 (e.g. 0.5 to 1.5 mm), which covers the electrodes 24 and bonding material 27 and forms the support surfaces for wafers 31.