An electrostatic copy apparatus including a cabinet with an upright container mounted therein. The upright container is connected to a front panel on the cabinet which can be pulled forward for providing access to the upright container. Paper is directed into the upright container and a liquid applicator applies liquid to the paper.

Apparatus including a drum having a drum surface, apparatus for supplying a particle dispersion comprising particles to the drum surface, electrostatic apparatus for causing at least some of the particles to adhere to the drum surface and resilient blade apparatus downstream of the electrostatic apparatus for operative engagement with the drum surface for retaining a layer of particle rich material on the drum surface.

A method of adhering a relatively heavy sheet or three-dimensional object to a support surface using an electrostatically chargeable intermediate sheet, including providing a sheet which is capable of carrying a charge sufficient to support at least three ounces per square foot of intermediate sheet surface for at least one month and charging the sheet using a contaminant free buffer material selected from the group consisting of wool, natural fiber, artificial fiber and chamois. A decorative ha...

An electrostatically driven microactuator is micromachined in a monolithic process. Sacrificial layers are placed between a moving element and stator structural layers. Removal of the sacrificial layers leaves a free standing moving element and micron wide air gaps within a stator. An electric field of about 100 Mv/m and higher is supported across the micron wide gap without breakdown and enables high energy torque densities to be produced between the stator and the moving element. One electrost...

An electrostatic toner consists of a polymer a charge controlling component and an optional color-giving component, wherein the charge controlling agent component comprises one or more compounds of the formula `(I)`, ##STR1## ps where R.sup.1 is chlorine or methyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.4 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, benzyl or 2-phenylethyl, A.THETA. is an anion, n is 0, 1 or 2, m is 1 or 2 and r is 1 or 2.

The invention provides an electrostatic particle filter in the case of which the collecting electrode is structured in order to make possible a reliable separation of the particles from the gases. The collecting electrode is so designed that a number of windshadow areas formed by spaces are provided in which the electrostatically attracted particles are able to be trapped without being entrained by the main current. A powerful corona discharge ensures simultaneous oxidation of combustible partic...

An electrostatic spraying apparatus in which an electrode is mounted adjacent to the sprayhead, means are provided for causing a first electrical potential to be applied to liquid emerging from the sprayhead, and further means are provided for applying a second electrical potential to the electrode. The difference between the first and second potentials is sufficient to cause an intense field to be developed between the emerging liquid and the electrode, sufficient to atomise the liquid. The ele...

Electrostatic lens for focussing the beams of charged particles, more particularly of ions, which have electrodes being designed as an electric conductor with a ring-shaped section, the inner edge of which is essentially circular, whereas at least one of the electrodes is composed of sector areas (4) succeeding one another along the periphery of an electrode, whereas each sector area is covering one predetermined angle area of the periphery, the sector areas are electrically connected to one ano...

An electrostatic spraying device comprising a high voltage generating circuit powered by a low voltage circuit comprising one or more radiation sensitive elements and charge storage means.

An electrostatic chuck is provided having a plurality of small electrostatic structures for holding an electrically conductive workpiece forming a plate of a capacitor. Each electrostatic structure includes a first thermally conductive single-crystal dielectric sheet, and a first electrode in sheet form sandwiched between the first dielectric sheet and a second dielectric surface. The workpiece, typically a conductive or semiconductive wafer, is juxtaposed to the first dielectric sheet of each e...