Apparatus for measuring temperature or light intensity is disclosed. Potential pulses of variable frequency are impressed between the collector and emitter of a transistor whose base is open or floats electrically. The transistor is subjected to the condition being measured, the light to be measured impinging on the transistor while it is maintained at a constant temperature or the transistor being subjected to the temperature being measured while masked or while the light impinging thereon is m...

System for recovering waste heat energy produced by an internal combustion engine or other waste heat source. Heat energy present in the engine coolant or engine exhaust is used as a power source for a closed secondary power circuit operating on the Rankine cycle. The secondary power circuit incorporates a high efficiency compact evaporator system.

A method and an apparatus for absorbing the energy of shock impact loads are disclosed. In accordance with the method, an elastomeric member is axially advanced along a friction surface and into a confined condition upon impact loading to simultaneously provide friction and resilient deformation reaction forces having a substantially constant additive total. The elastomeric member is preloaded in an axial direction and the friction interface developed is of controlled lubricity to assure efficie...

This engine or energy converter has a casing comprising coaxial spaced sections each having a cavity bounded by opposed parallel flat inner side surfaces merging with semi-cylindrical top and bottom inner surfaces and a rotor coaxial with said sections, having rotor portions in said sections. Said rotor portions carry outwardly spring pressed opposed aligned radial pistons. The pistons of one rotor portion are disposed at right angles to the pistons of the other rotor portion. In each section th...

An all metal energy dissipator construction for dissipating kinetic energy force (F) by rolling balls (26) which are forced by a tapered surface (32) on an expandable sleeve (22) to frictionally load a force rod (15). The balls (26) are maintained in an initial position (FIG. 1) by a plate member (48) which is biased by a spring member (50). A spring member (52) returns the force rod (15) to its initial position after a loading force (F) is removed.

The energy collector has a housing with a cover which is transparent to vble and thermal radiation. One or more heat collectors are disposed in the interior of the housing. The heat collectors are carried by a pipe through which a heat-transport medium flows. Each of the collectors is assigned a reflector of concave design underneath the respective heat collector. The width of the reflector is significantly greater (e.g. a multiple) than the width of the heat collector. The incident visible and/...

An MHD generator system is provided to perform efficient MHD generation by efficiently converting heat enargy into kinetic energy of an electricity conducting liquid or liquid metal. Thermal flow flux is controlled by providing heat pipes having the functions of thermal switches between a high temperature heat source and an MHD generator, and between a low temperature heat source and the MHD generator, and by turning on and off the thermal switches, thereby causing the fluid in the MHD generator...

There is disclosed a highly isochromatic electron spectroscopic imaging filter providing good energy resolution even in a microscope image having a wide field of view. To reduce the difference in energy between the vicinity of the center of the image on the pupil plane and peripheral portions, the relation LL/L.sub.5 > is satisfied, where LL is the distance from the pupil plane to the slit plane S and L.sub.5 is the distance from the exit end surface of the filter to the slit plane S.

An energy multi-saccharide food product including: a saccharide component including 5 to 20% w/w galactose; 0 to 25% w/w creatine; and optional further ingredients selected from: carbohydrate, fiber and fat.

An energy generator using transistors to amplify current and use some of its energy to prolong the life of its battery.