Thermocouple pairs measure the temperatures at a cold-fluid injection point and a downstream point. The reference thermocouple of each pair sees the temperature of a thermally floating heat sink of unknown temperature that has high thermal conductivity and mass, and is well insulated from the environment. Consequently the heat-sink temperature drift is practically constant. To the extent that heat-sink temperature drift is significant, the invention overcomes the effects of drift to a first appr...

A method for determining blood pressure of an artery includes the steps of applying a pressure to the artery, sensing pressure data produced by the artery and deriving parameters for the sensed pressure data. The parameters are utilized for generating a first blood pressure value estimate using a first function of the parameters based upon a first range of pressure values and by generating at least one second blood pressure estimate using at least one second parameter function based upon a secon...

The amount of toner remaining in each toner cartridge (20a-20d) of a printer (1) is estimated by incrementing a count when one pel is detected in each small region of the bit map. The printer senses toner out, after which the scale ascribed to one count is revised to reflect the actual count to toner out. Specifically, the count to toner out becomes the number representative of empty so that one-half of that count is interpreted as half full. The remaining toner in each cartridge is displayed to...

The invention relates to a device for blockwise estimation of motion. This device includes on the one hand a matrix array (300) for calculating an error function, the said array including storage elements (S, 406, 407) for plural blocks (a, a') of current pixels and means (403) for switching between the storage elements corresponding to the various blocks and on the other hand a memory (801) for feeding the said array with pixels of a search window, linked to the said array. The device according...

A method and means to estimate the pitch of a speech or acoustic signal within a vocoder begins with the center clipping and low-pass filtering of the speech or acoustic signal to eliminate the formants from the speech or acoustic signal. An error function for each pitch is calculated for each pitch within the speech or acoustic signal. A fast tracking method is used to select the estimated pitch for the pitch or acoustic signal. A final check for the doubling of the pitch will minimize any inco...

Apparatus for motion vector estimation in a television image uses a block matching technique with successive refinement of the motion vector estimate. The apparatus comprises a vector filter and a vector calculator.

Apparatus for motion vector estimation in a television image using a digitized signal representing the image, comprises a vector filter and a vector calculator for determining motion in the image at points spaced a predetermined number of pixels horizontally and a predetermined number of pixels vertically by a block matching technique, thereby to derive motion vectors, and a sub-pixel motion estimator for refining the selection of the motion vectors by determining a sub-pixel offset representing...

A system and method determines the rotational speed of a rotating member by determining speed from signals having a frequency directly proportional to the rotational speed. The system provides for the estimation of rotational speed even if no speed signals are detected over a sampling interval.

Signal monitoring apparatus in which a baseband signal including noise is compared at timed intervals with a reference signal and an estimated noise signal from an estimated noise signal generator. Indications of whether the estimated noise signal is higher or lower than the noise level present in the signal are applied to a digital accumulator in the estimated noise signal generator. Certain of the most significant bits in the accumulator are employed to generate the analog estimated noise sign...

Stored digital terrain data are used as a parameter for a passive ranging exteded Kalman filter in a target range measurement system. The system accurately locates ground based targets using platform referenced passive sensors. The Kalman filter algorithm fuses angular target measurements (azimuth and elevation) from available sensors (FLIR, RFR, etc.) along with stored digital terrain data to obtain recursive least-square error estimates of target location. An iterative algorithm calculates the...