A method of encoding speech analyzes a digitized speech signal to determine excitation parameters for the digitized speech signal. The method includes dividing the digitized speech signal into at least two frequency bands, performing a nonlinear operation on at least one of the frequency bands to produce a modified frequency band, and determining whether the modified frequency band is voiced or unvoiced. The nonlinear operation is an operation that emphasizes a fundamental frequency of the digit...

An estimation apparatus predicts filter coefficients for an adaptive filter, the response of which emulates the signal transmission characteristics of a known signal. The response thereto is sent to a signal transmission system of unknown characteristics, enabling execution of calculations without invalidating coefficient updating, even when there is a limit on the word length for processings. To achieve this, a sum of products calculation unit calculates the sum of products of the residual diff...

A receiver (200, 400) implements improved channel estimation. The receiver (200, 400) demodulates a transmitted signal, and makes an initial channel estimate (115). The receiver (200, 400) then makes a hard decision (301) as to whether the channel estimate was correct and groups samples representing the decision. A vector sum of the group of samples is computed (302), and each sample is compared to the vector sum (303). The sample having the largest projection on the vector sum is retained (304)...

A computer-implemented method and apparatus for processing video signals representative of pixels of a current block of a current picture. According to a preferred embodiment, the current block is compared to a plurality of blocks of a previous picture to provide a plurality of corresponding motion vectors, wherein each motion vector corresponds to a respective motion estimation error measure. It is determined whether the current block contains at least one region of high spatial energy and at l...

A delay estimation method and a receiver in a radio system. Signals originate from one or several transmitters and propagate along several paths. One path (73-77) is selected at a time for estimation. The least squares minimization between the received signal and the code bank model is solved path by path (73-77) and delay by delay. The delay of only one selected path is changed at a time. Using the minimization results the delays of the other paths (73-77) remain unchanged. The minimization res...

The present invention provides various methods and apparatus for providing accurate estimates for point and range queries over two-dimensional rectangular data. However, the techniques of the present invention for rectangular data can be applied to data of other shapes, point data, or linear data. The present invention provides several grouping techniques for the approximating of spatial data. A method is disclosed for grouping a plurality of spatial inputs into a plurality of buckets. In one fo...

A toner usage estimation system is provided, in which an image file is analyzed to determine the relative usage of one or more toners used to define an image on a substrate. The image file is analyzed as a basis for estimating the cost of processing a particular print job. In one embodiment, a pixel coverage counter is added in the hardware path of a printer to count pixel coverage mapping, which allows the consumable usage of toner to be determined. In another embodiment, a software approximati...

A technique for generating motion vectors for applications is requiring field of frame rate interpolation and especially in standards conversion. The image gradients on the same standard as the input video or film signal and then vertical/temporal interpolators are used to convert to the output standard before determining the motion vectors. This allows motion vectors to be easily calculated on the output standard.

An apparatus performs motion estimation based on a reference image and a target image. The apparatus has a command memory for storing a motion estimation command list segment and a search engine connected to the command memory. The search engine retrieves and processes the command list segment stored in the memory. The search engine in turn has a reference window memory containing one or more reference data segments, a target memory containing one or more target data segments, and a data path en...

An estimation and designing supporting apparatus has a component model's cost database which is used for calculating costs from the types and sizes of components, and a 3D-CAD assembly model database which is used for drawing three dimensional external appearance based on the types and sizes of the components and so on. The apparatus is installed with an estimation and designing supporting program for, when a specification is inputted, determining the types and sizes of components required for m...