An electrochemical apparatus especially applicable for clinical use in determining glucose concentrations in solutions thereof comprising (1) a sample reservoir, (2) a glucose oxidase member consisting essentially of a well closed at the bottom by a dialysis membrane and containing an anode, glucose oxidase and a buffer solution, (3) a reference member consisting essentially of a well closed at the bottom by a dialysis membrane and containing an anode and buffer solution, (4) a cathode, (5) mean...

A colorimetric or spectrophotometric glucose assay, of ortho-toluidine type, in which certain dicarboxylic acids (succinic acid and hydroxysuccinic acid) or a tricarboxylic acid, citric acid, provide the promoter of the reaction of an aromatic amine with glucose, in a solvent system containing ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, desirably in the presence of a small amount of water.

Covers a method of preparing acetone glucose. Particularly covers a process of making diacetone glucose under carefully controlled conditions via an acid-catalyzed reaction. Also covers a procedure for making monoacetone glucose from diacetone glucose through ion exchange techniques. In addition, covers a continuous method of synthesizing diacetone glucose, and as well is concerned with synthesizing monoacetone glucose from glucose by proceeding through the intermediate diacetone glucose without...

Economical oxidation of glucose is achieved by oxidation with an immobilized glucose oxidase-catalase composition in a reaction mixture at low temperatures below 15.degree. C., preferably between 10.degree. C. and the freezing point of the reaction mixture. The immobilized glucose oxidase-catalase composition preferably contains glucose oxidase and catalase bonded to hardened protein particles with the catalase activity being at least one-sixth of the glucose oxidase activity.

The range of linearity of the kinetic method for the determination of glucose concentrations using a reagent of the type comprising a buffer, a pyridine coenzyme, and glucose dehydrogenase, is significantly increased when the buffer employed in the reagent has a pH of from about 7.9 to about 9.0.

A genetically engineered glucose isomerase with improved affinity for D-glucose and the method of preparation of such a glucose isomerase are disclosed. The glucose isomerase is obtained by mutagenizing the gene of a naturally occurring glucose isomerase such that a smaller amino acid replaces a larger amino acid in the catalytic site. In an especially advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the Clostridium glucose isomerase sequence is mutated and the residue replaced with a smaller a...

Apparatus is described for controlling blood glucose concentration in a subject by selected infusion of insulin into the blood stream of such subject, depending upon the general blood glucose concentration. This apparatus comprises in combination sensor means for determining the blood glucose concentration and for providing computer input signals based on such measurement, computer means for receving such input signals and for providing output signals based upon such input signals, and pump mean...

There is disclosed an infusion solution which is particularly useful for intravenous feeding. This solution comprises from about 100 to about 600 grams of glucose per liter of solution and from about 10 to about 3,000 .mu. grams of at least one kinin per liter of solution.

Immobilized glucose isomerase is prepared by mixing 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight whole microbial cells containing glucose isomerase with one part by weight agar, combining the resultant mixture with an organic solvent, recovering discrete particles of agar gel with the whole microbial cells entrapped therein and drying the agar gel particles. The immobilized glucose isomerase has long half life stability when used in a column in a continuous process to convert glucose to fructose.

Glucose indicator, test means and method for assaying glucose in fluids are disclosed. More specifically, a new indicator formulation comprising an enzyme system which includes a substance having glucose oxidase activity, a substance having perioxidative activity and a mixture of syringaldazine and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine are disclosed for indicating the presence of glucose in industrial and body fluids. The indicator formulation is nonmutagenic and can be used in conjunction with instrum...