A blood glucose monitor which is particularly applicable for use as an implant for controlling an insulin pump, or as a portable device for use by a diabetic for home blood glucose monitoring. The glucose monitor measures the glucose level of blood by utilizing a refractometer which measures the index of refraction of blood adjacent to an interface with a transparent surface of the refractometer, by directing light at the interface to measure the index of refraction of the blood by the amount of...

Extracellular enzymes are stabilized with a carboxyalkylated or phosphonoalkylated polymer having a molecular weight of at least 500 Daltons. Exemplified is the stabilization of the enzyme glucose isomerase used in a process to convert D-glucose to D-fructose. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the feedstream containing the substrate is contacted initially with the stabilizer and then with the enzyme. In this system the stabilizer and enzyme are maintained in separate reactors. This sepa...

A non-invasive method for determining blood level of an analyte of interest, such as glucose, comprises: generating an excitation laser beam (e.g., at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nanometers); focusing the excitation laser beam into the anterior chamber of an eye of the subject so that aqueous humor in the anterior chamber is illuminated; detecting (preferably confocally detecting) a Raman spectrum from the illuminated aqueous humor; and then determining the blood glucose level (or the level of an...

A small diameter flexible electrode designed for subcutaneous in vivo amperometric monitoring of glucose is described. The electrode is designed to allow "one-point" in vivo calibration, i.e., to have zero output current at zero glucose concentration, even in the presence of other electroreactive species of serum or blood. The electrode is preferably three or four-layered, with the layers serially deposited within a recess upon the tip of a polyamide insulated gold wire. A first glucose concentr...

An apparatus for automatically performing a blood glucose test includes a cylindrical carrier with a holder for receiving a reagent pad. Upon receiving the pad, the carrier holds the pad for a predetermined reaction time and then rotates the pad successively to washing and de-watering stations. After de-watering, the pad is presented to a measuring station at which a reflectometer evaluates the color characteristics of the pad. A display of glucose level as a function of the color change of the ...

The sensitivity of enzyme-based polarographic electrodes to oxygen concentration can be significantly reduced or eliminated by providing an oxygen-reservoir in intimate contact with the oxidative enzyme. This is achieved by making a stabilized emulsion between the enzyme and a compound in which oxygen is extremely soluble. An aqueous glucose oxidase solution is emulsified with a perfluorocarbon liquid, and the resulting emulsion is stabilized by chemically crosslinking the mixture to form a gel....

Reaction products of taurultam and glucose are useful as antineoplastic agents. They are produced by reacting an aqueous solution of taurultam and glucose at about 100 degrees Celsius for about 30 minutes, yielding a reaction product which has a melting point of 168 to 170 degrees Celsius.

Novel alterations in the glycerol kinase gene are described. Also described are methods of predicting or assisting in the prediction of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In order to measure the glucose level in the body tissue of a subject, a probe is applied the subject's skin. Electric pulses from a pulse generator are fed to the probe and partially reflected back to a measuring device, where a time resolved measurement is made. The charge obtained from an integration of the measured voltage is transformed to a glucose level using data from a calibration table. This method allows to monitor glucose non-invasively.

The present invention provides DNA molecules coding for a UDP-glucose:alycon-glucosyltransferase conjugating cyanohydrins, terpenoids, phenylderivatives or hexanolderivatives to glucose. Trangenic expression of corresponding genes in plants can be used to influence the biosynthesis of the corresponding glucosides.