A process for the production of higher alkyl acrylates and methacrylates having reduced color numbers and containing minimum quantities of polymerization inhibitors and other impurities, wherein the alkyl chains contain 3 or more carbons, by the transesterification of methyl acrylate or methacrylate with alkanols of 3 or more carbons in the presence of a titanium alcoholate as transesterification catalyst and also in the presence of polymerization inhibitor combination and entraining agent for r...

C.sub.3-12 alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl and cycloalkyl cyanoacetates are prepared by an efficient and simplified one-step process in which a small molar excess of the corresponding alcohol, i.e., C.sub.3-12 alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkenyl alcohol is reacted with crystalline cyanoacetic acid, or a concentrated aqueous solution of cyanoacetic acid, in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as, for example, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid and phosp...

The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing higher unsaturated ketones by reacting the corresponding .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated alcohols with alkyl acetoacetates in a Carroll reaction , in a reactor system with fitted fractionation column, wherein A the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated alcohol is introduced into the reaction vessel together with the organic aluminum compound in the absence of effective amounts of a solvent, and the alkyl acetoacetate is metered into this mixture...

The present invention describes a novel process for the preparation of perfluoro allyl ethers. The process involves providing a hydrogen-containing precursor comprising at least one 1,2-dichloro alkyl ether moiety, fluorinating the precursor to provide a perfluorinated intermediate, and dechlorinating the perfluorinated intermediate to the corresponding perfluorinated ether. A reaction product of a perfluorinated olefin and an allyl ether may also be used as a precursor. Such a reaction product ...

This disclosure is directed to a catalyst and process for converting higher hydrocarbons into mixtures containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide. The catalyst comprises .gamma.-aluminum oxide and/or .eta.-aluminum oxide, kaolinite and a transition metal component.

To achieve economy of a transmission path with good quality of transmission and low expenditure compared to previous codes such as 4PSK-64PSK, the invention provides higher-value pulse duration encoding, such that there is provided only an alternating current of a frequency and phase position, with code elements of different pulse durations which are encoded by a different number of periods or half-periods. The following duration pulse is marked by an amplitude change.

In a method and apparatus for ultrasound imaging of biological tissue using higher-order nonlinear signal components an ultrasound line is acquired at different excitation levels. The acquisition is repeated I times with identical beamforming parameters, but varying excitation level. All of the transmitted waveforms are nonlinearly distorted, but the degree of distortion depends on the excitation level, making it possible to extract individual nonlinear signal components by properly combining th...

The present invention relates to a method to improve the primary metabolism of a higher plant having chloroplasts by expressing fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase derived from Cyanobacterium synechococcus in the chloroplasts. The invention further relates to transgenic plants comprising DNA encoding fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase derived from Cyanobacterium synechococcus.

A tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer with high drawability is provided. Also provided is a process employing the polymer and an article coated with the polymer.

An M-ary signal constellation within an N-dimensional space is defined, preferably such that each of the M symbols reside upon the surface of an N-dimensional sphere and such that a minimum distance between symbols is maximized. N orthogonal functions are used as the bases for representing the N-dimensional symbols for transmission. Orthogonal functions exhibiting orthogonality in frequency, time and/or space are also described for this purpose. Furthermore, conventional QAM symbol encoding may ...