An improved high efficiency general service incandescent lighting unit is disclosed. The lamp has coaxial outer and inner envelopes. The inner envelope has a low voltage filament coaxially disposed therein, a halogen gas atmosphere and a fill-gas at a high pressure. The outer envelope has a coating of a light transmissive reflective infrared film on its inner surface. Further disclosed are various control systems for reducing a typical 120 v. A.C. voltage and applying the reduced A.C. or D.C. vo...

A process for converting normally gaseous olefins to higher hydrocarbons by catalytic oligomerization is disclosed wherein a feedstock comprising said olefins and containing a major amount of alkane diluent is contacted with a heterogeneous acid catalyst to produce said higher hydrocarbons.

A nitrile-containing mixture, which includes a nitrile dissolved in a higher alcohol solvent, and hydrogen are fed to a reactor containing a catalyst. An amine is produced by hydrogenating the nitrile that is dissolved in the higher alcohol solvent. In a preferred embodiment, the reactor also contains a caustic solution. The preferred nitrile-containing mixture includes octadecaneditrile (ODDN) and hexanol to produce a preferred octadecanediamine (ODDA) through hydrogenation.

Iron oxides are upgraded by calcining at from 700 to 1200.degree. C.

A Log Map processor that processes information in accordance with the Log MAP algorithm using an N-state Radix-K trellis where K is an integer equal to 4 or greater and N is an integer equal to 2 or greater. The Log Map processor comprises branch and path metric calculators designed with LogSum operators. The LogSum operators used and Add-Compare-Select architecture that is based on an approximation of the Jacobian definition of the LogSum operation. The Log Map processor is thus able to process...

Transformer (1) for switched-mode power supply, equipped with a former (6) having chambers (9), each chamber (9) containing windings (15, 16), each winding (15, 16) having an outer side surface (18) generated by a straight line moving parallel to an axis (AA') of the former, and characterized in that the generatrices of all the outermost surfaces (18) of the windings (15, 16) contained in each of the chambers (9) are identically the same for all the outermost surfaces (18) of the windings (15, 1...

An oligomer of the formula: wherein each R is selected individually from the group consisting of R.sup.1, --OR.sup.2 and --OR.sup.3 ; each R.sup.1 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group; each R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group or an acyl group; and each R.sup.3 is a independently an alkyl or alkenyl group having at least 8 carbon atoms; with the provisos that if R.sup.3 is alkenyl, there is no unsaturation within two carbon atoms adjacent to the oxygen atom of t...

A single-stage process is described that includes simultaneously, in a mixture containing an olefin; synthesis gas; a cobalt catalyst in an organic phase; and an aqueous cobalt salt solution; hydroformylating the olefin, and forming and extracting into the organic phase the cobalt catalyst from the aqueous cobalt salt solution. An apparatus is also described that includes a means for carrying out the process. The process is particularly suitable for preparing aldehydes and alcohols.

In recirculatively precollatively copying a set of plural original documents onto both sides of copy sheets to produce a desired plural number precollated duplex copy sheet sets, by normally copying the documents only once in each copying circulation of the document set onto one side of copy sheets to form a duplexing buffer and copying other documents onto the opposite sides of the buffer copies to form duplex precollated copies, the improvement comprising: counting the number of documents in t...

Antimony tricarboxylates of higher carboxylic acids can be prepared by (a) reacting antimony oxide with an anhydride of a lower organic acid, (b) reacting the product from (a) with at least one higher carboxylic acid at a temperature sufficient to vaporize volatile material and removing said volatile material, and (c) recovering the antimony tricarboxylate of said higher carboxylic acid.