A fluid heater including a reservoir, an inlet-conduit assembly and an outlet conduit. The reservoir contains fluid and includes heating elements. The inlet-conduit assembly is mounted to the reservoir and has an inlet-aperture and is in communication with the reservoir at an opposite end. The outlet conduit is mounted to the reservoir and is in communication with the reservoir at one end and has an outlet-aperture at an opposite end. A fluid-flow detector assembly is mounted to one of the inlet...

An instantaneous voltage drop detector that comprises a power supply for a utilization circuit such as a mobile telephone. A first detector detects a drop in an output voltage of the power supply that falls below a first predetermined level. A second detector determines whether the first detection signal continues for more than a predetermined time. A control circuit responds to the first and second detection signals for controlling the utilization circuit.

An instantaneous gas water heater comprising a control panel, a heat transfer section, and a blower section. The control panel includes an electronic controller, a gas solenoid valve, and a means to prove the operation of a blower. The heat transfer section comprises an inner jacket enclosing a combustion chamber and an outer jacket enclosing the inner jacket. The combustion chamber contains an ignition means, a combustion means, and a baffle. In the preferred embodiment the combustion means was...

A method and apparatus for use in determining the range in a single time sample from a platform to a target are disclosed. The method includes receiving radiation emanating from the target at two points on the platform in a common time sample; detecting the received radiation and generating a signal representative thereof; and processing the signal. The signal is processed to determine a respective angle to target from two points on the platform by using a correlation between received signal amp...

This invention discloses a method of instantaneous frequency measurement. The frequency band of interest is divided into a number of virtual sub-bands. Each sub-band is folded into a common baseband by a band folding down converter. Frequency measurement is achieved in a two part process, part 1 determines the center frequency of the virtual sub-band, while part 2 determines the baseband frequency, the frequency within the virtual sub-band. Both components of the RF frequency are then combined t...

A DMOST driver circuit responds to the current flowing in the DMOST and the voltage appearing across it. The current and voltage are multiplied together in a g.sub.m amplifier which is coupled to drive a first input of a diff-amp. The diff-amp has its second input coupled to a source of reference potential. The diff-amp output is coupled to the DMOST gate to create a stabilizing negative feedback loop. The first diff-amp input is also coupled to a reference potential related threshold voltage so...

An instantaneous trip power transformer includes a high current main outer winding wound to have one or more turns, for providing the main breaker contact current path and for serving as the transformer primary winding for providing power to the breaker electronic components. The transformer includes a secondary winding configured to provide power to trip circuit electronic components. The secondary winding is wound in a substantially cylindrical shape and has a bore therethrough. The main outer...

In an instantaneous-tripping circuit breaker, a heater-mounted main bimetal, a shifter of a differential shifter mechanism, and an adjustment dial of a thermal overload/open-phase tripping device are removed from a standard circuit breaker equipped with a breaking section, an opening and closing mechanism section, a thermal overload/open-phase tripping device, and an electromagnetic instantaneous tripping device in a case. Instead, a trip coil of the instantaneous tripping device is connected to...

Apparatus and methods for measuring the polarization of a received signal. The horizontal and vertical signal components of the incoming signal are coupled to a plurality of channels operating in parallel, each channel having predetermined phase shift values and combining the phase-shifted components so as to produce output signals. One or more parameters of the output signals from each channel are supplied to a processor which determines values of the phase shifts which would yield a null condi...

A current waveform for an electronic circuit is calculated from a description of the circuit at a given level of abstraction without requiring a detailed simulation. In one embodiment, the waveform is estimated without using test vectors, and uses an analysis time step or "granularity" that is much shorter than a clock cycle. The method is applicable for calculating worst-case instantaneous current.