Quantitative measuring devices such as capsules of lithium flouride are placed within a stack of filter plates and one end of the stack is directly exposed to a beam of radiation. The quantitative measuring devices are then removed from the filtering materials stack and treated to yield a discernible and measurable entity proportional to the amount of energy absorbed from the radiation. The energy spectrum is then mathematically solved to produce the percentage of the total energy of the radiati...

An ionizing radiation detector is provided which is based on the principle of analog electronic integration of radiation sensor currents in the sub-pico to nano ampere range between fixed voltage switching thresholds with automatic voltage reversal each time the appropriate threshold is reached. The thresholds are provided by a first NAND gate Schmitt trigger which is coupled with a second NAND gate Schmitt trigger operating in an alternate switching state from the first gate to turn either a vi...

A radiation therapy/surgery device optimised to meet the needs of the Neurosurgeon is provided, i.e. one for the treatment of tumours in the brain. It combines the qualities of a good penumbra and accuracy, simple prescription and operation, together with high reliability and minimal technical support. The device comprises a rotateable support, on which is provided a mount extending from the support out of the plane of the circle, and a radiation source attached to the mount via a pivot, the piv...

An irradiation or exposure installation for ionizing radiation, with at least one radiation detector exposed to the radiation, including a radiation monitor for the presetting of the radiation dosage which is to be currently applied and for the limitation of the latter to the presently preset reference value, including a preadjustable integrating unit which is connected to the radiation monitor, and with an automatic shut-off device actuatable through intermediary of the integrating unit upon re...

A solid detector for detecting the presence of ionizing radiation in the noise of the detector crystal. For this purpose, the device provides for the generation, at the moment of each of pulses of the ionizing radiation, of signals which open a gate towards a level selector. The device comprises a semiconductor, provided with microchannels where electrons are multiplied by means of secondary emission, and a collector of the electrons generated in the microchannels. The signals which open the gat...

The detector comprises at least one plate of an electrooptical material having good photoconduction properties and high absorption of X- or .gamma.-rays, preferably materials comprising bismuth oxide. The plate is placed between two electrodes connected to an electric generator through a resistor. A polarized luminous beam passes through the plate. Under the action of the radiation, the conductivity of the plate varies and produces a modification of the polarization state of the luminous beam. T...

The present invention relates to ionizing radiation sensors, and, more particularly, to semiconductor spectrometers with thermoelectric cooling, and can most advantageously be used in mineral raw material exploration and evaluation under field conditions. The spectrometer comprises a vacuum chamber with an entrance window for passing the radiation therethrough. The vacuum chamber accommodates a thermoelectric cooler formed by a set of Peltier elements. A heat conducting plate is mounted on the c...

The proposed ionizing radiation generator comprises an ionizing radiation emitter including a resonance transformer whose field winding is arranged near the low-voltage end of the step-up winding, electrically associated with the electrically conducting housing of the resonance transformer. The emitter also includes an accelerating tube whose high-voltage electrode is coupled to the high-voltage end of the step-up winding of the resonance transformer and attached to one of the ends of the tubula...

A normally nonconducting liquid such as liquid hydrocarbon is encased between a pair of electrodes in an enclosure so that when the liquid is subjected to ionizing radiation, the ion pairs so created measurably increase the conductivity of the fluid. The reduced impedance between the electrodes is detectable with a sensitive ohm-meter and indicates the amount of ionizing radiation. The enclosure, the electrodes and the fluid can be constructed of materials that make the response of the detector ...

A method for detecting ionizing radiation with the aid of a scintillation counter and a photomultiplier using an inorganic solid-matter scintillator that incorporates at least one decay time component greater than 100 ns and measures the photons emitted by the scintillator with a fast single-photon counter. The single-photon counter is composed of a fast photomultiplier with high internal amplification, a stabilized high-voltage supply and a fast amplifier/discriminator with standard pulse outpu...