A laser has a beam path multiply folded by two resonator end mirrors and at east one reflector retroreflectively folding the laser beam. The laser axis is parallel displaced to the axis of a further reflector. In order to improve the laser beam quality while retaining its comparatively low adjustment sensitivity, the beam path is folded at least twice with the retroreflective reflector.

To produce blue light by means of a laser, pumped light is coupled into a birefringent, nonlinear crystal (5) in a variable frequency laser (1) from a laser diode pumped light source (7, 8, 9) via an input mirror (3). Due to adjustment of the inclination of the crystal (5) or with the aid of tempering means (6) for the crystal, most of the pumped light is absorbed in the crystal (5)--upon suitable polarization of the pumped light--while the rest is available for a frequency mixture of the fundam...

A laser containing a laser resonator possessing a laser rod and an electro-optical modulation device between two mirrors. The modulation device comprises a polarization element and a component embodying an electro-optical crystal at the opposite faces of which there are arranged electrodes. Both faces of the crystal and a polarization prism of the polarization element possess a degree of planeness less than one-tenth of the wavelength of the laser light and with respect to one another a plane-pa...

The invention relates to novel laser optics for shaping at least one laser eam which has a linear or strip-shaped cross section which extends in the first axial direction (X-axis) perpendicular to the beam axis (Z-axis), with at least two optical shaping elements which are located in succession in the beam path, and of which at least one is an element through which a laser beam has passed, and which form an optical arrangement, in which at least one laser beam is fanned out in one plane (Y-Z pla...

A laser package has at least one laser device and a hermetically sealed package including a package base and a cap having a light transmissive window for emitting light. The at least one laser device is placed in the package and fixed onto the package base. Further, a plurality of lead pins including a lead pin for supplying drive current to the laser device projects from the package base. Further, surface insulating processing has been performed on a projecting portion of at least one of the le...

A glass fiber (22) has a core (24) provided with Raman laser effect particles (28) embedded in a glass matrix (30), with glass cladding (26) around the core. The refractive index of the glass matrix (30) is matched to that of the Raman laser effect particles (28) so as to avoid scattering. It is not necessary to have a single crystal of Raman laser material to create a laser effect in the glass fiber. A length of fiber in the order of meters or tens of meters can produce optical laser light. It ...

A sensor for measuring inertial rotation is provided which includes a passive ring, a means for generating two beams of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation, means for passing the beams into the passive ring to form two countertravelling beams and means adapted to lock the beams entering the passive ring to the cavity resonant frequencies of the countertravelling beams. The amount and direction of inertial rotation is determined by determining the frequency of the beams entering the passive r...

A beam welding apparatus useful for welding a plurality of workpieces spaced along a workpiece plane during a scan of the workpieces is disclosed. A scan light and a detection means are used to detect the location of each workpiece and to supply a signal for triggering a beam source into emission upon the detection of each workpiece. The beam and scan light sources are focused on the workpieces through the same focusing lens. Further, the apparatus comprises means for maintaining a constant opti...

In laser-beam welding apparatus, a gas jet from a first gas conduit is directed at plasma created by the interaction of the laser beam and the workpiece material, the gas jet being adapted to blow the plasma into the weld zone, a second gas conduit providing shielding gas at the region of the crossover of the laser beam and the plasma-control jet to reduce the possibility of contamination or porosity of the weld zone into which the plasma is blown.

A gas laser system utilizing a mixture of water vapor, hydrogen or hydrogen deuteride and nitrogen wherein molecular vibrations are excited in the hydrogen or hydrogen deuteride in an electric discharge and the vibrational energy is stored until, by means of near-resonant energy exchange collisions, it is transferred to the active laser water molecules. Nitrogen is added to stabilize the discharge and allow coherent emission at 4.6 microns with a theoretical efficiency of about 58%.