An optical communication system for transmitting multiple optical beams, each at a different wavelength is disclosed. The optical communication system includes a laser array having multiple laser transmitters transmitting multiple optical beams, each at a different wavelength. The optical communication system further includes a diffraction grating optically coupled to the laser array, the diffraction grating diffracting each of the optical beams at a substantially equal diffraction angle to form...

A gas laser comprises a gas laser tube, an inner mirror having a fixed position within the tube, an outer mirror disposed outside the tube, and a side plate. The tube is pivotally coupled to the side plate. The tube is supported and prevented from moving pivotally whereby the angle of the inner mirror with respect to the outer mirror is adjusted.

A discharge tube is located coaxially within an outer envelope and in prere balance communication with the latter. Resonator mirrors are fastened to its respective ends. The discharge tube is elastically supported at several points relative to the outer envelope but rigidly supported at only one point, to permit differential thermal expansion of the tube within the envelope.

A laser microprobe including a laser and microscope in combination with variable attenuators and pinholes to direct radiation at a microscope object and to spectroscopically analyze the effects thereof. A combined shutter and occluder permit observation through the eyepiece for alignment and subsequent discharge of the laser without danger to the operator.

A large, continuous laser oscillation output of Kr.sup.+ II gas can be obtained by exciting a mixture gas of krypton and helium filled in a capillary discharge tube at a total mixture gas pressure of less than 10 Torr with a direct current of 150 to 400 A/cm.sup.2 in current density, the mixing ratio of helium with respect to krypton being from 0.5 to 5 times as high as that of krypton, and the gas-filled discharge tube being disposed between a pair of reflectors.

A rod made of an insulating material having a thermal coefficient of expansion in the range from +1 to -1 part in 10.sup.7 per degree centigrade is mounted between a pair of mirrors and hermetically sealed either within a glass or a stainless steel enclosure containing a gas discharge medium. The stainless steel enclosure may be clamped to and fixedly spaced from the rod by projections formed on the enclosure and symmetrically disposed around the rod toward the ends of the rod. The mirrors and a...

A capillary gas discharge confining tube having Brewster angle windows sealed across opposite ends thereof is hermetically sealed coaxially within a gas tight cylindrical envelope via a pair of annular end walls disposed proximate the ends of the capillary. A similar annular wall is hermetically sealed between the capillary and the outer envelope intermediate the length of the capillary for providing a center support for the capillary and for dividing the envelope into an anode chamber and a cat...

A laser refractor which utilizes the diffuse reflection of laser light from the interior surface of a slowly rotating drum in order to produce an interference pattern whose apparent motion is a function of the refractive state of the eye.

A laser with a light frequency transducer (typically of the frequency doubler type) within a lser cavity. The cavity is mirrored to reflect light at the lased frequency and to transmit light from the cavity at the transduced frequency. The laser is provided with a convex lens at its end adjacent the frequency transducer. Likewise, the cavity mirror adjacent the frequency transducer is provided with a concave reflecting surface. The convex lens in cooperation with the concave cavity mirror provid...

A gas laser having both a discharge tube with a capillary tube and an electronic arrangement, which serves as a power supply, sealed in a housing characterized by the housing being a metal tube having each end closed by an end wall to form a sealed chamber which contains the electronic arrangement which is a hollow cylinder that concentrically receives the capillary tube. Preferably, the chamber of the housing is filled with an electrically insulating and heat conducting material which is either...