A heating system is provided with a closed circuit system for a first liquid, a pass-through system for a second liquid and a controller. The closed circuit system has a primary heater with a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a circulating pump. The primary heater has a burner for burning hydrocarbon fuel and has a first heat exchanger for transferring heat from combustion products of hydrocarbon fuel to the first liquid. The second heat exchanger allows transfer of heat from the...

A receptacle for a beverage includes a cylindrical main body (10)having an open upper end (11) that is closed by a plastic lid (20). The plastic lid (20) is provided with an opening (23) for use in drinking or otherwise discharging the contents of the container. The opening (23) can be covered with a pull tab (30) or can be left uncovered. The lid (20) is provided with a flange (21) at a portion surrounding the outer periphery of the lid (20), and a cover film (50) is sealed to the flange (21) t...

A dispenser is provided for liquids which responds to actuation either by squeezing or by some other action to cause dispensing. Liquid is stored in an enclosure and an outlet structure has an outlet passageway which carries liquid from the enclosure to exit outside the dispenser. A buoyant bell combines with the passageway to trap liquid in the enclosure. If preferred, upon actuation liquid will flow initially, and then the bell can be made to seal the outlet structure to stop liquid flow there...

A mass transfer device for use in the treatment of an impure liquid includes a housing into which the impure liquid and a reagent are to be introduced, the housing having a side wall. The device also includes an impeller assembly, including a plurality of impeller blades, rotatably mounted in the housing, at least one impeller blade having a tip which terminates in close proximity to an interior surface of the side wall of the housing and the or each impeller blade being shaped ad dimensioned to...

Liquids, specifically liquids containing suspended matter, may be treated by passage through a separator comprising means dividing the container into a first section, intermediate section and third section, with a flat topped weir dividing the first section from the intermediate section. The width of the flat topped weir is selected so that liquid flow over the weir is laminar. At least the flat topped portion of the weir is provided with a smooth surface so as to reduce friction and boundary ef...

A method of atomizing a polar liquid utilizes apparatus comprising a tube having an inlet for liquid and at least one aperture providing an outlet from the tube for the liquid and a field intensifying electrode disposed adjacent the aperture. The method comprises applying a potential difference between the polar liquid and the field intensifying electrode and feeding the liquid along the tube from the inlet to the aperture. In carrying out the method, the tube is supported at a position remote f...

An aircraft fuel tank (101) comprises an inner and an outer chamber (103, 105) which are fluidly interconnected via a plurality of open-ended pipes (109). A non-flammable gas, which is immiscible with the fuel (119), is pumped into the outer chamber (103) on demand to displace the fuel (119) into the less vulnerable inner chamber (105) and thereby forms a protective non-flammable gaseous barrier around the fuel-retaining inner chamber (105). The fuel tank (101) is used primarily for military air...

An apparatus for mixing and dispensing particulate-laden liquid or immiscible liquid, samples from a container or vessel. The apparatus is attached to the top of the vessel with a mixing tube extending downwardly into the liquid sample. A valve piston disposed in the tube may be moved from a closed position to an open position while the liquid sample is continuously agitated and circulated through the mixing tube. The agitation system lifts a portion of the liquid sample through the valve piston...

The present invention provides a virtually spill-proof container for use with paint or liquids of comparable viscosity. In particular, the container of the present invention comprises a receptacle having a base portion and a top portion, an insert member with a generally central aperture attached to the top portion of the receptacle, and a barrier member having a hole formed therethrough operatively connected to the insert member. The hole in the barrier member permits a user to access the liqui...

A system for purifying a liquid including a reactor and a clarifier with the clarifier arranged at an elevated position relative to the reactor so that residue from the clarifier can be returned to the reactor hydrostatically. Liquid in the reactor is aerated using an agitating means with the agitating means also used to transfer liquid from the reactor to the clarifier. The liquid is fed to the clarifier at a constant, controlled rate.