Methods and compositions for detecting and localizing light originating from a mammal are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for targeting light emission to selected regions, as well as for tracking entities within the mammal. In addition, animal models for disease states are disclosed, as are methods for localizing and tracking the progression of disease or a pathogen within the animal, and for screening putative therapeutic compounds effective to inhibit the disease or pathogen.

A method of measuring the stress or relaxation level of a mammal and a method of measuring the activity of the sympathetic nervous system of a mammal by measuring quantititative levels of deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin are disclosed. Preferably, the levels of deoxyhemoglobin and hemoglobin are measured by a noninvasive technique, such as spectroscopy. A method of changing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system of a mammal is also disclosed, wherein the method includes a step of admini...

The invention relates to transgenic mammals characterized by 5-HT.sub.3 receptor over-expression in the central nervous system (CNS). The mammals have particular utility as models for studying the role of 5-HT.sub.3 receptors in the CNS, especially for the study of reward pathways for alcohol and other substances of abuse.

Methods and compositions for detecting and localizing light originating from a mammal are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for targeting light emission to selected regions, as well as for tracking entities within the mammal. In addition, animal models for disease states are disclosed, as are methods for localizing and tracking the progression of disease or a pathogen within the animal, and for screening putative therapeutic compounds effective to inhibit the disease or pathogen.

Modulating the metabolism of a dieting mammal by administering to the dieting mammal the metabolic modulating agent 7-oxo DHEA or a pro-drug thereof incapable of in vivo conversion to testosterone.

The present invention provides a method for delivering a pharmaceutical polypeptide to the interior of a cardiac cell of a vertebrate in vivo, comprising the step of introducing a preparation comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable injectable carrier and naked polynucleotide operatively coding for the polypeptide into the interstitial space of the heart, whereby the naked polynucleotide is taken up into the interior of the cell and has a pharmacological effect on the vertebrate. In a preferred ...

The present invention relates to a method of inhibiting a protein kinase C-mediated biological response, such as, hyperplasia. The method comprises administering to a mammal a non-tumor promoting 12-deoxyphorbol ester. Phorbol esters suitable for use in the method include 12-deoxyphorbol 13-monoesters wherein the ester is a formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, pentanoate, hexanoate, benzoate or phenylacetate ester.

The striated muscle of the tongue of an animal (in particular, a mammal) is employed as the target tissue for direct DNA injection of an exogenous polynucleotide sequence encoding a biologically active molecule. The DNA is incorporated into the tongue muscle cells and the polypeptide encoded thereby expressed, resulting in the production of a biologically active molecule. Superior levels of expression of the injected exogenous polynucleotide are achieved relative to injection in other types of c...

Methods and compositions for detecting and localizing light originating from a mammal are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for targeting light emission to selected regions, as well as for tracking entities within the mammal. In addition, animal models for disease states are disclosed, as are methods for localizing and tracking the progression of disease or a pathogen within the animal, and for screening putative therapeutic compounds effective to inhibit the disease or pathogen.

A process is disclosed for the production of a protein or polypeptide in the milk of a transgenic non-human mammal where the protein or polypeptide is produced as fusion protein with another protein. The fusion protein can then be cleaved to release the protein or polypeptide. This method would reduce or prevent the formation of side effects associated with ectopic expression or leakage of the protein or polypeptide. Such a fusion protein is .beta.-lactoglobulin-EPO, where biologically active EP...