Photopolymerizable water-soluble or water-dispersible mixtures essentially consist of a base polymer, at least one polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound, at least one photoinitiator and/or photosensitizer and at least one stabilizer, the thermal polymerization inhibitor being a water-soluble salt of nitrous acid.

An internal combustion engine system that is selectively powered by an enhanced air/fuel mixture. The supply of fuel to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine is increased in response to the addition of a supplemental oxidizing agent into an air/fuel mixture. The additional fuel may be added by increasing the duty cycle of fuel injectors mounted proximate the individual cylinders. In addition, the ignition timing is adjusted in accordance with the change in the density of the air/fuel mi...

The present invention relates to a low temperature method of forming silica-containing ceramic coatings on substrates. The method involves applying a coating comprising a silicon hydride containing resin on a substrate and heating the coated substrate under an environment comprising nitrous oxide at a temperature sufficient to convert the resin to the silica-containing ceramic coating. This method is especially valuable for forming protective and dielectric coatings on electronic devices.

A catalyst for the selective reduction of nitrous oxide with ammonia contains, in addition to titanium oxide as component (A), at least one oxide of W, Si, B, Al, P, Zr, Ba, Y, La, Ce and at least one oxide of V, Nb, Mo, Fe, Cu as component (B), whereby the atomic ratio between the elements of components (A) and (B) amounts to 1:0.001 up to 1. The catalyst can be obtained by kneading reactive titanium oxide with a high specific surface of predominantly anatase with the substances of component (B...

An activated sludge process for reducing the amount of N.sub.2 O released to the atmosphere during biological oxidation of NH.sub.3, includes the following steps: mixing wastewater influent containing NH.sub.3 and BOD with activated sludge to provide a mixed liquor in a first enclosed aerobic treatment zone wherein an oxygen containing gas is introduced, the first enclosed aerobic treatment zone having two or more stages in which gas and liquor phases are staged and oxygen is transferred to the ...

An improved injection valve apparatus for variably controlling the injection of nitrous oxide and supplemental fuel into a combustion engine, and method for controlling and varying the amounts of nitrous oxide and supplemental fuel injected into a combustion engine based on existing engine conditions. In the method, engine parameters are programmed for the timing and volume of nitrous oxide injected into an engine. The engine performance and engines conditions are continuously monitored. The amo...

The invention further relates to a method and a model for modeling a discharge phase of a nitrogen oxide (NOx)-storage catalytic converter (12') of an internal combustion engine (1). The NOx-storage catalytic converter (12') is subdivision into an oxygen (O2)-store and a nitrogen oxide (NOx)-store and a reducing agent mass flow (msrg) is determined which charges the O2-store and the NOx-store. To model a discharge phase of the NOx-storage catalytic converter (12'), the O2-store is modeled via a ...

Nitrous oxide-containing gas is subjected to heat exchange with decomposed gas from a nitrous oxide decomposition catalyst-filled reactor and then contacted with a heater comprising integrally formed heating unit and baffles, wherein gaps are formed between the baffle-integrated heater and the unit body in order to alleviate the pressure difference in the gas flow channel, and subsequently introduced into a nitrous oxide catalyst-filled catalyst layer for decomposition of the nitrous oxide into ...

Silicon and oxygen containing coatings are deposited by the chemical vapor deposition of hydrogen silsesquioxane in an environment comprising nitrous oxide.

A pulse width modulated controller for N.sub.2 O and enrichment fuel delivery includes a system control logic section which processes signals from sensors for throttle position, engine speed and a number of other user-selectable parameters and a driver section controls electrically operated injectors or solenoid valves. The driver section allows the injectors to open only when all of the parameters sensed in the control section are met. Moreover, the driver section activates injectors according ...