An apparatus and method for non-invasive determination of attributes of human tissue by quantitative infrared spectroscopy. The system includes subsystems optimized to contend with the complexities of the tissue spectrum, high signal-to-noise ratio and photometric accuracy requirements, tissue sampling errors, calibration maintenance problems, and calibration transfer problems. The subsystems include an illumination subsystem, a tissue sampling subsystem, a spectrometer subsystem, a data acquisi...

Methods and apparatus for non-invasively assessing physiological hard of soft tissue of human and other species are described. In a preferred embodiment, tissue is vibrationally stimulated in vivo through a frequency spectrum. The tissue reacts against the stimulus and the reaction is preferably measured and recorded. Based on analytical algorithms or comparisons with previously taken measurements, changes within the tissue can be detected and used for diagnostic purposes. Further embodiments de...

The present invention provides a noninvasive method for diagnosing and/or predicting a rejection episode in a transplant patient, for example, in a heart transplant patient, by determining a rise in the frequency of thioguanine-resistant mutant peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Those resistant mutant cells have a deficiency in the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. The relative frequency of the mutant cells in the population from a sample can be determined by...

A system for determining the hematocrit transcutaneously and noninvasively. Disclosed are a finger clip assembly and an earlobe clip assembly, each including at least a pair of emitters and a photodiode in appropriate alignment to enable operation in either a transmissive mode or a reflectance mode. At least two, and preferably three, predetermined wavelengths of light are passed onto or through body tissues such as the finger, earlobe, or scalp, etc. and the extinction of each wavelength is det...

A system determines heamtocrit transcutaneously and noninvasively. Disclosed are a finger clip assembly and an earlobe clip assembly, each including at least a pair of emitters and a photodiode in appropriate alignment to enable operation in either a transmissive mode or a reflectance mode. At least two, and preferably three, predetermined wavelengths of light are assed onto or through body tissues such as the finger, earlobe, or scalp, etc. and the extinction of each wavelength is detected. Mat...

An apparatus is provided for ablating at least a portion of a nasal concha. By ablating at least a portion of a nasal concha, the size of the nasal concha is reduced. The three nasal concha in the body (inferior, middle and superior nasal concha) form at least a portion of the three nasal meatus (inferior, middle and superior nasal meatus) in the body. By reducing the size of a nasal concha, obstruction of a nasal meatus is reduced or eliminated. As a result, air flow through the nasal meatus is...

A system for determining the hematocrit transcutaneously and noninvasively. Disclosed are a finger clip assembly and an earlobe clip assembly, each including at least a pair of emitters and a photodiode in appropriate alignment to enable operation in either a transmissive mode or a reflectance mode. At least two, and preferably three, predetermined wavelengths of light are passed onto or through body tissues such as the finger, earlobe, or scalp, etc. and the extinction of each wavelength is det...

This invention relates to a process of determining continuously and non-invasively (without the withdrawal of blood.) the concentrations of hemoglobin. This is done by measurement of the path length and analysis of the pulsatile component of absorbance of multiple wave lengths of light transmitted through a tissue bed. This invention also relates to the process of simultaneous direct or indirect measurement of the pulsatile arterial width or arterial diameter which is equivalent to the pulsatile...

Utilization of a contact device placed on the eye in order to detect physical and chemical parameters of the body as well as the non-invasive delivery of compounds according to these physical and chemical parameters, with signals being transmitted continuously as electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared and the like. One of the parameters to be detected includes non-invasive blood analysis utilizing chemical changes and chemical products that are found in the conjunctiva and in the tear film...

A noninvasive blood analyzer is provided which comprises: a light source for illuminating a part of tissues of a living body including a blood vessel; an image pickup section for picking up an image of the illuminated blood vessel and tissues; and an analyzing section for analyzing the picked image; the analyzing section including an extracting section for extracting image density distribution across the blood vessel in the image as an image density profile, a quantifying section for quantifying...