A process for fermentatively hydrogenating and reducing ketoisophorone to produce optically active [4R,6R]-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanone useful as an intermediate in the production of optically active carotenoids and intermediates in the production of these carotenoids.

Optical information reconstructing apparatus comprising a disc having at least one surface on which groups of dots bearing information are concentrically or spirally arrayed, a mechanism for rotating the disc, a light source for projecting a light beam on the array of groups of dots, and at least one photodetector for detecting diffracted light waves from the groups of dots, characterized in that a semiconductor laser array is used as the light source and that the light emission is switched from...

An optically coded keyboard arrangement has a plurality of key units arranged to be individually actuated; an actuation sensing arrangement that includes a plurality of light emitters generating light beams and a plurality of detectors each placed in the path of a respective light beam. Each key unit includes a key arranged to be depressed and a coded mask coupled to the key for movement with the key in unison upon displacement of the key and for movement relative to the key in a direction trans...

A calibrator for use in calibrating a two wire DC transmitter includes an oscillator and a light emitter which produce a time varying light signal of known frequency. No physical connection is required between the calibrator and the transmitter, other than a path for the light signal. The transmitter includes a light sensor which is responsive to the presence of the light signal and which produces a time varying calibration signal in response to the light signal. Calibration adjustment circuitry...

A method of bonding a cover glass to a semiconductor substrate having conductors thereon. The cover glass and the semiconductor substrate are placed in a relatively high voltage field and heated to induce ion drift in the glass and improved conductivity in the substrate. Additional localized heating softens the cover glass in the vicinity of the conductors permitting the cover glass to flow around the conductors and to be drawn into contact and bonded with the substrate.

A resonant structure, for supporting electromagnetic (EM) oscillations win a frequency range of approximately 10 GHz to 1000 GHz, and whose resonant properties are controlled by light. The structure includes an interaction material for absorbing light and forming a plasma of electron-hole pairs within the material. Kinetic and potential energy, which are stored in the EM oscillations within the resonant structure, change as a result of the plasma and shift the frequency of the oscillations.

In an elegant stepwise process for the production of intermediates of thromboxanes such as TXB.sub.2 from a chiral glucose starting material such as .alpha.-methylglucoside, those steps comprising: ##STR1## A key modification introduced in this synthetic sequence is the use of 4-dimethylaminopyridine for the selective alkylation of primary alcohols in the presence of unprotected secondary alcohols and for the controlled acylation of methylglucoside. The former application has large potential use...

A device is described using a gated diode switch with its current conduction state controlled by a photovoltaically controlled field effect transistor connected in series with the gated diode switch.

A novel process for the preparation of (R) or (S) 2-allyl-3-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one comprising reacting a boron halide with an ester of a chiral carboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## where A is organic group of a chiral carboxylic acid and (R) or (S) 2-allyl-3-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one and treating the reaction mixture with water to obtain allethrolone with the same configuration of the starting ester in high yields without undesired by-products produced in known meth...

In a device for projecting a primary image from a transparency along an optical path and for altering the image by selectively directing a writing light source reversably along the optical path toward the transparency, a transparent recording film includes a pre-recorded primary image layer and a secondary layer annotatable by the marking light. The two layers are congruent, and in one embodiment comprise superimposed substrates which are joined mechanically. In another embodiment, the two layer...